《Experimental Catatonia》

PART Ⅰ．EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES IN ANIMALS1

CHAPTER Ⅰ． DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENTAL CATATONIA3

CHAPTER Ⅱ．ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS ON BULBOCAPNINE CATATONIA6

A．Experiments on Symptomatology in Various Animals6

1．Experimental Bulbocapnine Catatonia in a Chimpanzee6

2．Acute Bulbocapnine Intoxication in the Dog8

3．Experimental Bulbocapnine Catatonia in Birds12

4．Oscillographic Studies of Bulbocapnine Tremor and Catalepsy in Macacus Rhesus23

5．Emotional Expressions of Cats in Bulbocapnine Catatonia27

B．Localization Problems of Bulbocapnine Catatonia33

1．The Central or Peripheral Action of Bulbocapnine33

2．The Localization of Some Hypokinetic Phenomena of Experimental Bulbocapnine Catatonia36

3．The Effects of the Injection of Bulbocapnine and of Mescaline upon Cats whose Cerebellum has been ablated in Whole or in Part40

CHAPTER Ⅲ．EXPERIMENTAL CATATONIA PRODUCED BY INJECTION OF CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL SUBSTANCES OTHER THAN BULBOCAPNINE45

1．Cannabis Indica Experiments45

2．Experiments with Sedative Drugs48

3．Harmine Experiments50

4．Experiments with Mescaline in the Mouse，Cat，Monkey，Pigeon and Frog52

5．Hormonal Experimental Catatonia57

6．Experimental Catatonia by means of Derivatives of Mescaline and Adrenaline70

7．Experiments with Substances related to Choline83

CHAPTER Ⅳ．ASPHYXIATION-CATATONIA，ETC85

1．Experimental Catatonia Produced by Gases85

2．The So-Called Interruption of Bulbocapnine Catatonia by means of a Mixture of CO2 and O292

3．Catatonic Phenomena Produced by Bilateral Ligation of the Carotid Artery100

CHAPTER Ⅴ．EXPERIMENTAL CATATONIA INDUCED BY BRAIN LESIONS AND MECHANICAL MEANS105

1．＂Neurosurgical＂Catatonia105

2．Experimental Catatonia in Rats produced by Centrifugation112

CHAPTER Ⅵ．EXPERIMENTAL CATATONIA PRODUCED BY ELECTRICITY，AUDIOGENIC STIMULATION，ETC123

1．Electronarcosis and Experimental Catatonia123

2．Experimental Catatonia after Electroshock in Rats125

3．Experimental Catatonia after Audiogenic Stimulation in Rats，＂Animal Hypnosis＂Etc126

CHAPTER Ⅶ．EXPERIMENTAL CATATONIA PRODUCED BY ALTERATION OF METABOLIC FUNCTION129

1．Experimental Catatonia after the Artificial Obstruction of the Lumen of the Intestine129

2．Experimental Catatonia after Ligation of the Hepatic Artery in Cats132

3．Experimental Catatonia in Dogs with Partial Elimination of the Liver Function after Applying an Eck＇s Fistula138

4．Ligation of the Renal Artery and Production of Tissue Necrosis in the Liver，etc148

5．Ligation of the Splenic artery150

6．Final Discussion on Catatonic Phenomena produced by Experimental Alteration of Metabolic Function152

PART Ⅱ．IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN PATHOLOGY155

CHAPTER Ⅰ． THE SIMILARITY OP CATATONIC SYMPTOMS IN MAN AND ANIMALS157

CHAPTER Ⅱ． CLINICAL SIGNS DERIVED FROM STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL CATATONIA161

CHAPTER Ⅲ．EXPERIMENTAL CATATONIA BY MEANS OF LIPOID SOLUBLE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES OF HUMAN URINE FROM NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INDIVIDUALS166

1．Experiments on the Lipoid Soluble Substances in the Human Urine Capable of Producing Signs of Experimental Catatonia in Mice and Rats166

2．The Identification of ＂Catatonine＂170

3．Pharmacological Standardization of Nicotine in Rats and Mice172

4．The Production of Experimental Catatonia by the Injection of Urinary Extracts derived from a Nicotine-free Schizophrenic Patient174

5．The Improvement of the Method of Obtaining Neurotoxins from Human Urine176

6．Neurotoxic，especially Catatonic Symptoms，produced in Mice by Substances from Human Urine187

7．Signs of Experimental Catatonia produced by Indolethylamine195

8．The Action of Dimethylguanidine Chloride on Motility197

CHAPTER Ⅳ． QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF HISTAMINE IN THE BLOOD OF NORMAL INDIVIDUALS AND SCHIZOPHRENICS203

CHAPTER Ⅴ． THE CEPHALIN-CHOLESTEROL FLOCCULATION BLOOD TEST IN CATATONIC AND OTHER SCHIZOPHRENICS210

CHAPTER Ⅵ． GENERAL SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS221