《HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION TO ANGIL-AMERICAN LAW》求取 ⇩

PARTⅠ.THE BACKGROUND OF THE COMMON LAW1

Chapter Ⅰ.What Legal History is About1

What is Meant by Legal History3

The Pre-Norman Scene6

Changes Effected by the Normans9

Anglo-Saxon and Early Norman Law11

Preliminary Definitions13

The Common Law and the Civil Law13

Statutes in Common-Law Jurisdictions15

Constitutionality16

Civil Law Distinguished From Criminal Law17

Common Law and Equity18

Defiinition of a Court20

Trial and Appellate Courts20

Chapter Ⅱ.The Courts22

Ancient Courts23

Hundred and Shire Courts23

Seignorial Courts25

Borough Courts27

Beginnings of the Royal Courts28

Reforms of Henry Ⅱ and Origins of Central Courts30

The Court of Common Pleas33

The Court of King’s Bench34

Exchequer of Pleas35

The Court of Chancery—Equity37

Star Chamber40

Church Courts42

The High Court of Parliament42

Conclusion43

Modern English Courts44

American Colonial Courts44

Chapter Ⅲ.The Jury， and Other Means of Finding Facts48

Wager of Law49

Trial by Battle51

The Jury52

Origins of the Jury54

Norman Use of the Inquest55

The Possessory Assizes56

The Petit Jury and the Ordeals58

Attaint of Jurors and Contempt64

Role of Magna Carta65

Extension of the Jury System to Civil Cases66

The Jury in Nineteenth Century United States68

Present Status of the Jury in the United States71

Conclusion72

Chapter Ⅳ.The Bench and Bar74

Functions of Lawyers75

Lawyers’ Fees76

Origins of the Bar78

The Inns of Court80

American Lawyers85

The Bench88

Earliest Judges89

Independence of the Judiciary91

PART Ⅱ.SOURCES OF LAW95

Chapter Ⅴ.Custom and Cases95

Custom and Law95

Cases as a Source of Law98

The Year Books99

Private Reporters100

The Doctrines of Precedent and Stare De-cisis102

Chapter Ⅵ.Legislation and Codification108

Origins of Legislation109

The Addition of the House of Commons110

Codifiication112

Early Codes112

Uniform Acts114

Interpretation of Statutes116

Chapter Ⅶ.Doctrinal Writings120

From Glanvill to Littleton121

From Littleton to Kent and Story123

From Kent and Story to the Present Day125

PART Ⅲ.THE COMMON LAW IN ACTION129

Chapter Ⅷ.Real Property129

The Anglo-Saxon Background129

The Norman Background132

Inheritance of Land140

Who Has Seisin—Service and Demesne142

Alienation of land143

The Uses of a Fee149

The Life Estate150

Reversions and Remainders151

The Estate in Fee Tail154

Conclusion160

Dower and Curtesy160

The Leasehold Estate163

The Writ of Ejectment167

Wills of Land168

Roman Law169

Anglo-Saxon Succession and “Wills”170

Norman Wills171

Uses and Wills173

The Statute of Uses and the Statute of Enroll-ments175

Modern Trusts and Wills177

Modern Wills178

Chapter Ⅸ.Torts180

The Ancient Law182

The Writ of Trespass183

The Ancient Law—Cont’d184

The Nominate Trespass Actions184

The Innominate Trespass Actions185

Theories of Liability Under the Writs of Tres-pass186

Negligence192

Modern Negligence Theory196

Conclusion198

Automobile Accidents and Fault Liability205

A Note on No-fault Insurance206

Chapter Ⅹ.Contracts210

Early Forms in the Nature of Contract211

Church Courts and Promises211

Pledges212

Common Law Actions in the Nature of Contract213

Fate of These Actions222

Trespass on the Case on an Assumpsit223

Sales of Goods227

Warranties228

Trespass on the Case on a Deceit230

Mutual Executory Promises236

Slade’s Case238

Consequences of Slade’s Case240

Contracts Implied in Fact and Quasi Contracts242

The Doctrine of Consideration243

Economic Forces251

PART Ⅳ.THE COMMON LAW CODIFIED255

Chapter ⅩⅠ.The Law and Commerce-Action and Reaction255

Early Mercantile Law256

The Development of Trade259

Chapter ⅩⅡ.Negotiable Instruments261

Types of Negotiable Instruments261

The Bill of Exchange， or Draft263

Early Enforcement263

In Common-Law Courts266

Introduction of Law Merchant to the Com-mon Law267

Assignments At Common Law268

Promissory Notes269

Importance of the Goldsmiths’ Activities270

The Statute of Anne272

Subsequent Common Law Developments272

The Codification Movement273

Chapter ⅩⅢ.Business Organizations278

Early Entity Concepts279

The Roman Concept279

Churches and Universities280

Boroughs and Towns281

Guilds282

Commenda and Societas284

Joint Stock Companies284

Limited Liability286

American Corporations289

Corporate Status as a Privilege293

Partnerships295

Entity and Aggregate Theories296

The Uniform Partnership Act297

Limited Partnerships300

INDEX303