《A MODERN INTRODUCTION TO LAW》

1The nature of law1

2Sources of law, natural justice and judicial review5

2.1 Common law and precedent6

2.2 Equity11

2.3 Natural justice and judicial review14

2.4 Parliamentary law, interpretation and stare decisis18

2.5 European(EEC)law29

3The Courts37

3.1 The Magistrates'Court37

3.2 The Crown Court39

3.3 The County Court43

3.4 The High Court46

3.5 The Court of Appeal47

3.6 The House of Lords48

3.7 The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council50

4Tribunals and administrative justice53

4.1 The scope of administrative justice53

4.2 Inquiries56

4.3 Ultra vires and discretion57

5Parliament63

5.1 Law and the political system63

5.2 The structure of Parliament66

5.3 Parliamentary privilege75

5.4 Ministerial answerability to Parliament77

6Agents of the law82

6.1 Judges82

6.2 The police84

6.3 The Attorney-General and the Director of Public Prosecutions88

6.4 The Lord Chancellor92

6.5 Juries93

6.6 Law Centres98

6.7 Barristers and solicitors99

6.8 Arbitrators101

7Constitutional law and individual rights104

7.1 Freedom from arrest and the right to bail104

7.2 Privacy and secrecy112

7.3 Complaints against the police119

7.4 Complaints about civil servants and other public officials121

7.5 Freedom of association and assembly124

7.6 Nationality and immigration125

7.7 Race relations131

7.8 Freedom from obscenity133

7.9 The media and freedom of expression135

7.10 Legal aid140

7.11 Legal actions143

7.12 Sexual equality145

8Crime and society150

8.1 The nature of crime and delinquency150

8.2 Sentencing and punishment158

8.3 Penal institutions175

9Criminal law179

9.1 The nature of criminal law179

9.2 Inchoate offences (incitement, conspiracy and attempt)208

9.3 Homicide212

9.4 Non-fatal offences against the person219

9.5 Sexual offences224

9.6 Road traffic offences230

9.7 Theft and other offences235

9.8 Forgery247

9.9 Criminal damage250

9.10 Public morality252

9.11 Public order253

9.12 Offences affecting the national interest258

9.13 Obstructing justice262

10Civil law: tort269

10.1 The nature of tort269

10.2 Defamation280

10.3 Misrepresentation288

10.4 Abuse of legal procedures297

10.5 Trespass to the person301

10.6 Negligence304

10.7 Nuisance322

10.8 Trespass to land327

10.9 Interference with goods and bailment331

10.10 Strict liability338

10.11 Occupiers'liability345

10.12 Vicarious liability and capacity351

10.13 Economic and related torts364

11Civil law: the law of contract379

11.1 The nature of contractual obligations379

11.2 Formation of the contract381

11.3 Consideration and intention to contract384

11.4 Promissory estoppel388

11.5 Form of the contract390

11.6 Terms392

11.7 Incapacity and illegality401

11.8 Mistake and misrepresentation412

11.9 Duress and undue influence425

11.10 Privity, assignment and agency428

11.11 Performance and discharge436

11.12 Remedies and restitution442

11.13 Consumer protection and credit448

12The philosophy of law467

12.1 Law, justice and morality467

12.2 Natural law and positivism481

Appendix 1492

Appendix 2495

Appendix 3497

Appendix 4500

Appendix 5502

Addendum503

Index506