《CERAMICS VOLUME 3 CLAY PRODUCTS AND WHITEWARES》求取 ⇩

ⅠClay Forming1

Introduction1

The Soft-Mud Process2

Hand Molding3

Jiggering15

Machine Molding21

The Stiff-Mud Process28

Preparation of The Clay29

The Pug Mill34

The Wet Pan37

De-airing38

The Auger Machine41

Dies47

Cutters54

Repressing69

Sewer Pipe Machine72

Hydraulic Extrusion75

Flower Pot Machine76

The Dry-Press Process76

Refractories and Building Brick77

Presses80

The Toggle Brick Press81

The Press Cycle84

Dry-Press De-Airing89

The Hydraulic Press90

The Screw Press92

Granulation95

The Slip Casting Process95

Introduction95

Body Preparation97

Piaster Molds105

Casting109

Colloidal Properties of Clays110

Special Methods of Forming117

Turning117

Hot Pressing118

Drop Molding120

Binders and Lubricants120

Binders120

Lubricants121

ⅡDrying and Driers124

Fundamentals of Drying124

Methods of Drying124

Drying by Evaporation125

Defects Due to Drying131

Driers133

Drying Systems133

Classification and Description of Driers136

Drier Control and Equipment151

ⅢFiring Clay Products157

Theory of Firing157

Chemical Composition157

Mineralogical Composition158

Physical Condition159

Chemical Reactions During Firing160

Physical Changes During Firing168

Periodic Kilns174

Updraft Kilns174

Downdraft Kilns183

Continuous Kilns205

Tunnel Kilns213

Introduct on213

Muffle Kilns225

Direct Fired Kilns235

Semi-Direct Fired Kilns246

Regenerative Cross-Fired Kilns251

Setting254

Clay Products254

Metbos of Setting255

Setting Brick on Tunnel Kiln Cars263

Setting Whitewares265

ⅣCeramic Calculations273

Calculations Involving Chemcal Compostions,Batch Weights and Formula Weights273

Introduction273

The Empirical Formula274

Use of Formula Weightsand Equivalent Weights279

The Batch Formula Weight280

Calculations From Formulas to Raw Batches281

Substitution of One Raw Material for Another287

Fritted Glazes289

Calculations Involving the Blending of Batches and Slips290

Blending Dry Materials290

Blending Slips293

Use of the Triaxial Diagram295

ⅤTesting of Clays and Clay Products300

Standard Method for Sampling Ceramic Materials as Delivered300

Method for Sampling Clay Deposits302

Forming Clay Trials303

Forming and Handling Clay Test Pieces304

Standard Method for Slaking Test306

Standard Method for Water of Plasticity307

Standard Method for Shrinkage and Pore Water307

Standard Method for Drying Shrinkage308

Method for Determining Dry Strength309

Standard Method of Testing for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent310

Standard Method of Testing for Particle Size of Ground Refractory Materials313

Standard Scales for Testing Sieves316

Standard Method for True Specific Gravity319

Standard Method for Behavior in Firing321

Fired Properties323

Standard Method of Sampling and Testing Brick324

Standard Methods of Testing Electrical Porcelain337

Standard Method of Chemical Analysis352

Procedure in Reporting Tests358

ⅥApparatus for Testing360

Introduction360

Clay Testing and Firing360

Apparatus for Physical and Mechanical Properties Testing376

Fusion Testing Apparatus392

ⅦClay Products398

Introduction398

Common Brick399

Face Brick406

Paving Brick411

Hollow Tile and Conduits417

Roofing Tile,Drain Tile and Similar Products435

Sewer Pipe and Wall Coping451

Stoneware466

Terra Cotta468

ⅧWhitewares472

Introdretion472

Types of Bodies472

Raw Materials473

Vitreous Whitewares475

Porcelain475

Bone China486

Hotel and Restaurant China Ware488

Virreous Sanitary Ware493

Vitreous Floor Tile496

Electrical Porcelain Insulators496

Steatite502

Cordierite503

Semi-Vitreous Prodaucts504

Semi-Vitreous Tableware504

Wall Tile506

Ⅸ Glazes and Colors509

Introduction509

Glaze Compositions509

Salt Glaze510

Raw Glazes511

Fritted Glazes512

Fusion Point of Glazes512

Glaze Materials513

Glaze Preparation517

Batch Calculations517

Mixing and Grinding Raw Glaze Batches517

Fritting the Glaze Batch518

Making the Slip521

Glaze Application523

Dipping523

Spraying524

Painting525

Dusting525

Glaze Firing527

Glaze Formulas527

Glaze Fit527

Colored Glazee530

Crystalline Glazes530

Ceramic Colors531

Underglaze Colors531

Overglaze Colors531

Application of Colors532

Metallic Colors533

Appendix-Temperature Conversion Table535