《A SHORT HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN NATION THIRD EDITION》

1 THE AGE OF DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT1

Columbus and the Discovery of America1

The Indian and the European6

The Spanish Decline7

English Beginnings in America8

The Settlement of Virginia9

The Pilgrims of Plymouth Plantation11

Massachusetts Bay Puritans12

Other New England Colonies13

French and Dutch Settlements14

Maryland and the Carolinas14

The Middle Colonies16

The Settlement of Georgia17

2 THE COLONIAL WORLD19

An American Civilization19

The Colonial Family20

Southern Land and Labor21

Agriculture in the South24

Southern Intellectual and Religious Trends6

Agriculture in the North28

Northern Manufacturing and Commerce28

Land and Labor in the North30

The Impact of Puritanism32

The Great Awakening34

The Impact of the Enlightenment36

Social Mobility37

Sectional Conflicts38

3AMERICA AND THE BRITISH EMPIRE41

The British Colonial System41

The Theory of Mercantilism43

The Navigation Acts43

The Effects of Mercantilism45

Early Colonial Wars46

The Great War for the Empire47

Postwar Problems50

Tightening Imperial Controls51

Beginnings of the Great Debate52

The Stamp Act Crisis54

The Declaratory Act56

The Townshend Acts56

The Tea Act Crisis57

Colonies in Revolt58

4THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION62

"The Shot Heard Round the World"62

The Second Continental Congress63

The Great Declaration64

1776: The Balance of Forces66

Forming State Governments68

Social Reform69

Financing the Revolution71

Saratoga and the French Alliance71

The War in the South74

Victory at Yorktown74

The Articles of Confederation75

The Peace of Paris75

Growth of American Nationalism77

The Great Land Ordinances78

National Heroes79

A National Culture80

5NATIONALISM TRIUMPHANT82

Western Tensions82

Foreign Trade83

Inflation and Deflation84

Drafting the Constitution85

The Philadelphia Convention86

The Settlement86

Ratification of the Constitution89

Washington as President90

The Bill of Rights91

Hamilton and Financial Reform92

Foreign Problems94

Jay's Treaty96

Federalism Victorious96

6 JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY98

Thomas Jefferson: Political Theorist98

Federalists and Republicans99

Washington's Farewell100

Election of 1796101

The XYZ Affair101

Alien and Sedition Acts102

Election of 1800103

The Federalist Contribution104

Jefferson as President104

Attack on the Judiciary105

The Barbary Pirates106

The Louisiana Purchase107

Federalism Discredited108

Lewis and Clark108

Jeffersonian Democracy110

7 AMERICA ESCAPES FROM EUROPE113

John Randolph of Roanoke113

The Burr Conspiracy14

Napoleon and the British115

The Impressment Controversy116

The Embargo Act116

Madison in Power118

Tecumseh and the Prophet118

Depression and Land Hunger119

Resistance to War119

The War of 1812120

Britain Assumes the Offensive121

The Treaty of Ghent122

The Hartford Convention124

The Battle of New Orleans124

Fruits o~ "Victory"125

Anglo-American Rapprochement125

Transcontinental Treaty126

The Monroe Doctrine127

8NEW FORCES IN AMERICAN LIFE130

The Era of Good Feelings130

Roots of Economic Growth132

Birth of the Factory132

Nonfactory Production133

Corporations134

Industrial Labor135

Cotton Revolutionizes the South137

Revival of Slavery138

Road Building139

Transportation and the Government141

Steamboats and the West141

The Canal Boom142

Government Aid to Business144

The Marshall Court144

9THE EMERGENCE OF SECTIONALISM147

Sectional Political Issues148

Northern Leaders149

Southern Leaders151

Western Leaders151

Northern Social and Cultural Life153

Religion and Education155

Society and Culture in the South155

Western Life156

The Missouri Compromise158

The Adams Administration160

Tariff of Abominations161

Election of 1828162

10THE AGE OF JACKSON164

Jacksonian Democracy164

Rise of the Common Man165

The Spoils System166

President of All the People167

Sectional Tensions Continue167

Jackson and Calhoun168

Indian Problems168

The Nullification Crisis169

The Bank War170

Jackson's Bank Veto171

Boom and Bust172

The Jacksonians173

Rise of the Whigs174

Van Buren's Administration174

Election of 1840177

11EXPANSION AND SLAVERY179

The Tyler Administration179

Webster-Ashburton Treaty180

The Texas Question181

Manifest Destiny182

California and Oregon183

Election of 1844184

Polk as President185

War with Mexico186

Northern Mexico and California187

On to Mexico City188

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo189

The Aftermath189

Slavery in the Territories190

Election of 1848191

The Compromise of 1850191

12AN ERA OF ECONOMIC CHANGE196

Agriculture in the Old South196

Slavery as an Economic Institution197

Slavery as a Social Institution198

Psychological Effects of Slavery199

Manufacturing in the South200

Industrial Expansion201

Self-Generated Expansion202

The New Industrial Society202

Foreign Commerce205

Steam Conquers the Atlantic206

Railroads and Canals206

Financing the Railroads207

Railroads and the National Economy211

Railroads and the Sectional Conflict212

The Economy on the Eve of Civil War212

13THE ROMANTIC AGE214

The Romantic View of Life214

Emerson and Thoreau215

Nathaniel Hawthorne216

Herman Melville216

Walt Whitman217

The Spread of Culture218

Education and Art218

An Age of Reform220

Practical Reformers223

The Abolitionist Crusade224

Defense of Slavery226

Women's Rights228

14THE COMING OF THE CIVIL WAR230

Enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act230

Uncle Tom's Cabin231

"Young America"231

Stephen A. Douglas232

Kansas-Nebraska Act233

Bleeding Kansas234

Charles Sumner235

Buchanan Tries His Hand236

The Dred Scott Decision236

The Lecompton Constitution237

The Emergence of Lincoln237

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates239

John Brown's Raid240

Election of 1860241

The Secession Crisis243

15THE WAR TO SAVE THE UNION245

The Lincoln Administration245

Fort Sumter245

The Blue and the Gray246

The Test of Battle248

Behind the Union Lines248

The Confederate War Effort250

War in the West: Shiloh252

McClellan Versus Lee252

Lee Counterattacks253

The Emancipation Proclamation255

Antietam to Gettysburg256

Vicksburg: Lincoln Finds a General257

Economic Effects, North and South258

Grant, Sherman, and Victory260

Costs and Prospects261

16RECONSTRUCTION AND THE SOUTH263

Presidential Reconstruction263

Republican Radicals265

The Fourteenth Amendment266

The Reconstruction Acts267

Congress Versus the President267

The Fifteenth Amendment268

"Black Republican" Reconstruction269

Southern Economic Problems270

The White Counterrevolution272

Grant as President274

The Disputed Election of 1876274

The Compromise of 1877276

17AN AGE OF EXPLOITATION278

"Root, Hog, or Die"278

The Plains Indians279

Indian Wars280

Destruction of Tribal Life281

Victims of Prejudice283

Exploiting Mineral Wealth in the West286

The Land Bonanza287

Western Railroad Building289

The Cattle Kingdom290

Open-Range Ranching292

18AN INDUSTRIAL GIANT295

Industrial Growth: An Overview295

The Railroad Network296

Iron, Oil, and Electricity298

Competition and Monopoly: The Railroads299

The Steel Industry: Carnegie301

The Standard Oil Trust303

Americans React to Big Business304

Railroad Regulation306

Sherman Antitrust Act307

19THE RESPONSE TO INDUSTRIALISM309

The American Worker309

Growth of Labor Organizations310

Labor Unrest312

The "New" Immigration313

The Expanding City and its Problems316

City Government317

Urban Improvement319

Religion Responds to Industrialism320

The Settlement Houses321

Social Legislation323

Civilization and Its Discontents324

20INTELLECTUAL AND CULTURAL TRENDS326

Public Education326

Keeping the People Informed328

Colleges and Universities330

Scientific Advances332

The New Social Sciences332

Law and History334

Realism in Literature334

Mark Twain335

William Dean Howells335

Henry James336

Realism in Art337

The Pragmatic Approach338

21 NATIONAL POLITICS: 1877-1896341

The American Commonwealth341

Issues of the Gilded Age342

Political Strategy and Tactics344

The Men in the White House345

Congressional Leaders348

Agricultural Discontent349

The Populist Movement351

Showdown on Silver353

Election of 1896355

22FROM ISOLATION TO EMPIRE359

America's Divided View of the World359

The Course of Empire360

Cuba and the War with Spain363

Developing a Colonial Policy366

Cuba and the Caribbean368

The Open Door Policy370

Caribbean Diplomacy371

"Noncolonial Imperial Expansion"373

23THE PROGRESSIVE ERA375

Roots of Progressivism375

The Muckrakers377

The Progressive Mind377

Reforming the Political System378

National Political Reforms379

Social and Economic Reform380

Theodore Roosevelt381

Roosevelt and Big Business383

Roosevelt's Second Term384

William Howard Taft386

Breakup of the Republican Party387

Election of 1912388

Wilson: The New Freedom388

The Progressives and the Race Issue390

24WOODROW WILSON AND THE GREAT WAR394

Missionary Diplomacy39

Outbreak of the Great War396

Freedom of the Seas397

Election of 1916398

The Road to War399

The Home Front401

Propaganda and Civil Liberties403

Wartime Reform404

"Over There"405

Preparing for Peace406

The Paris Peace Conference408

The Senate and the League of Nations409

25 THE TWENTIES: THE AFTERMATH OF THE GREAT WAR412

Demobilization412

Radicalism and Xenophobia412

Urban-Rural Conflict415

Prohibition: The Noble Experiment416

The Ku Klux Klan418

The Disillusioned419

Literary Trends420

The "New Negro"421

The Era of "Normalcy"423

The Harding Scandals425

Coolidge Prosperity426

Henry Ford427

Economic Problems428

Election of 1928430

26THE GREAT DEPRESSION: 1929-1939432

Hoover and the Depression432

The Economy Sounds the Depths435

Franklin D. Roosevelt436

The Hundred Days438

The New Deal Spirit440

The Unemployed441

The Extremists441

The Second New Deal443

Election of 1936444

Roosevelt and the Supreme Court445

The End of the New Deal446

Significance of the New Deal447

27 ISOLATIONISM AND WAR: 1921-1945450

Peace Without a Sword450

The Good Neighbor Policy452

The Fascist Challenge453

American Isolationism455

The Road to Pearl Harbor457

Mobilizing the Home Front461

The War in Europe464

The War in the Pacific465

28 FOREIGN AFFAIRS: 1942-1964471

Wartime Diplomacy471

Developing Conflicts472

The Containment Policy475

Containing Communism in Asia477

The Communist Issue at Home: McCarthyism479

John Foster Dulles481

The "New Look" in Asia483

Dulles and the Allies: Suez483

The U-2 Affair485

Latin American Problems486

29 THE POSTWAR SCENE: 1945-1964489

The Political Climate489

Harry S Truman490

Dwight D. Eisenhower491

John Fitzgerald Kennedy492

Lyndon B. Johnson493

Other National Leaders494

Regulating the Economy496

Industrial Labor498

The Farm Problem499

The Politics of Civil Rights500

30MODERN AMERICAN SOCIETY505

American Society in Flux505

Literature and Art508

Two Dilemmas510

Mixed Blessings511

Movies, Radio, Television513

Poverty Amid Plenty516

Race Relations516

Ethnic Pride519

Women's Liberation520

Education: Youth in Revolt521

The Sexual Revolution524

31VIETNAM AND ITS AFTERMATH527

The War in Vietnam527

Election of 1968528

Nixon as President531

Nixon Triumphant534

Nixon: Decline and Fall535

Ford and Carter540

A Search for Meaning542

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE545

THE CONSTITUTION549

PICTURE CREDITS559

INDEX561