《LIABILITY PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY》求取 ⇩

1. The U.S. Liability System: Background and Trends1

The Changing Function of Tort Law3

Compensation through Tort Law: Blessing or Curse?11

Outline of the Book and Key Conclusions14

2. Economic Aspects of Liability Rules and Liability Insurance16

A Simple Model of Liability16

Liability Rules19

Liability Theory and Liability Issues29

Final Comments34

Appendix: Mathematical Derivations34

3. Prices and Profits in the Liability Insurance Market42

Overview of the Market43

Overview of Financial Results49

Errors in Estimating Reserves53

Disputes about Profitability59

Growth in Premiums and Losses67

Causes of Underwriting Cycles77

Premium Increases for General Liability Insurance82

Policy Implications89

Appendix A: Profit Measurement91

Appendix B: Calculation of Break-Even Prices96

4. Medical Malpractice Liability101

Trends in Claims and Premiums102

Costs and Benefits of the Tort System110

Alternative Institutional Arrangements121

Conclusion126

5. Environmental Hazards and Liability Law128

Origins of Environmental Liability Law129

New Science, New Sociology, and the Legal System131

The Diffusion of Environmental Liability132

Legislative Initiatives139

Linking Cause and Effect141

Judgment without Verdict144

Insurers Depart146

Options147

Conclusion153

6. Liability for Occupational Accidents and Illnesses155

Policy Objectives and Instruments155

The Role of the Market158

Direct Regulation of Risk161

Workers' Compensation164

Civil Liability Litigation171

Toxic Tort Compensation Schemes180

Conclusion183

7. Products Liability Law and the Accident Rate184

Trends in Products Liability Litigation and Accident Rates187

The Economic Argument for Strict Products Liability194

Reforming Products Liability Law207

The Stakes in Products Liability Law222

8. Policy Options223

Modifying Insurance Regulation224

Tort Reforms227

Alternative Compensation Mechanisms238

Conclusion240

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