《英语语法精要》

Ⅰ.The parts of speech1

1Nouns1

1.1 Nouns Definition and Classification1

1.2 Nouns Number3

1.3 Nouns Gender6

1.4 Nouns Case8

1.5 Uses of the Objective Case10

1.6 Ways of Forming the Possessive Case11

2Pronouns14

2.1 Personal Pronouns14

2.2Relative Pronouns21

A.Simple Relative Pronouns21

B.Compound Relative Pronouns23

C.Relative Pronouns and their Amee？dents25

D.Omission of the Relative Pronoun25

2.3 Interrogative Pronouns28

2.4 Demonstrative Pronouns30

2.5Indefinite Pronouns32

A.Uses of Indefinite Pronouns32

B.Some Indefinite Pronouns or Adjectives and their Uses33

3Verbs37

3.1 Transitive and Intransitive37

3.2 Linking Verbs and Subjective Complement38

3.3 Factitive Verbs and Objective Complement39

3.4 Dative Verbs and Double Object40

3.5 Principal Parts of Regular and Irregular Verbs42

3.6 Agreement43

3.7Tenses47

A.Three Main Tenses47

B.Table of the 26 Tenses48

C.Uses of the Tenses49

(1)The Present Tense49

(2)Present,Present Continuous,and Present Perfect50

(3)The Presen!Perfect and the Past Indefinite Compared53

(4)Past,Past Continuous,and Past Perfect54

(5)Future,Future Continuous,Future Perfect56

(6)Perfect Continuous Tense57

3.8Voice60

A.Active and Passive Voice60

B.Tense and Voice61

C.Other Passive Forms62

(1)Dative Verbs62

(2)Factitive Verbs63

(3)Intransitive Verbs and Verbal Phrases63

(4)Questions64

3.9Mood65

A.There are three moods65

B.Uses of the subjunctive mood67

C.Other uses of the Subjunctive Mood70

3.10Auxiliary Verbs78

A."Shall"and "Will"78

B."Should"and "Would"81

C."May,Can，Must"and"Ought"83

D."Be，Have"and"Do"85

3.11The Infinitive90

A.Tenses of the infinitive90

B.Uses of the infinitive91

C.The negative form of the infinitive93

D.The complex structure of the infinitive93

E.Omission of"to"94

3.12The Participles96

A.Tenses of the Participles96

B.Uses of the Participles97

C.The Participial absolute construction101

3.13The Gerund104

A.The forms of the gerund104

B.Uses of the gerund105

C.The perfect form and negative form of the gerund107

D.The Gerundial Complex108

3.14A summary of the non—finjte forms of the verbs112

A.The table of the usage of the non—finite forms of the verb112

B.Gerunds and Par？ieiples112

C.Gerunds and infinitives114

4The Adjective117

A.Uses of the adj117

B.The degrees of the adj and ad117

C.Uses of the degrees of comparison119

5The Numeral124

A.Cardinal Numerals124

B.Ordinal Numerals125

C.Uses of the Numerals127

D.Note the followings127

6The Preposition133

A.Three kinds of prepositions in general use133

B.Some useful prepositions134

C.Position of the preposition138

D.Pay attention to the different meanings of the preposition138

E.Omission of the prepositions139

F.The substitution between prepositional phrases and clauses141

7.The Conjunction147

A.Coordinating Conjunctions147

B.Subordinating Conjunctions148

8The Interjection152

9The Article154

A.Uses of the Indefinite Article155

B.Uses of the definite Article156

C.Omission of Articles159

10The Adverb168

A.Kinds of the Adverbs168

B.Uses of the Adverbs171

C.Formation of the Adverbs172

D.Preposition—like Adverbs174

E.Position of the Adverbs175

ⅡThe Sentence182

1Kinds of Sentences182

A.Declearative Sentences182

B.Interrogative Sentences183

C.Imperative Sentences186

D.Exclamatory Sentences187

2Types of Sentences192

A.The Simple Sentence192

B.The Compound Sentence195

C.The Complex Sentence199

D.The Compound——Complex Sentence215

ⅢDirect and Indirect Speeches218

1 Direct and Indirect Declearative Sentences220

2 Direct and Indirect Questions221

3 Direct and Indirect Imperative Sentences222

4 Direct and Indirect Exclamatory Sentences223

ⅣTransformation of Sentences229

1 From Simple to Complex229

2 From Complex to Simple231

3 From Simple to Compound232

4 From Compound to Simple233

5 From Compound to Complex234

ⅤThe Inverted Order237

Comprehensive Exercises244

Key to Exercises264