《微观经济学》

Chapter 1 What Is Economics All About1

Ⅰ.Where Did Economics come from?1

Ⅱ.What Is the Purpose of the Study of Economics?3

Ⅲ.Subject Matter of Economics7

Ⅳ.Definition of Economics13

Ⅴ.Macroeconomics and Microeconomics and Their Goals14

Ⅵ.The Classification of the Questions Western Economics Deals with16

Ⅶ.Positive and Normative Economics24

Chapter 2Demand and Supply27

Ⅰ.Demand27

1.Individual Demand28

2.Market Demand36

Ⅱ.Supply41

1.Individual Demand42

2.Market Demand49

Ⅲ.The interaction of Supply and Demand52

1.The market Equilibrium52

2.Formation of Equilibrium Price54

3.Excess Quantity Demanded of Shortages56

4.Excess Quantity Supplied or Surplus58

5.The Effects of Changes in Demand and Supply on Equilibrium59

Ⅳ.Restraining the Market Mechanism: Price Ceilings and Price Floors63

Chapter 3 Elasticity68

Ⅰ.Definition of Elasticity68

Ⅱ.Elasticity of Demand69

1.Price Elasticiety of Demand70

2.Unit Elasticity73

3.Determinamts of Elasticity of Demand76

4.Elasticity of Demand and Total Revenue of Sellers80

5.Calculating Elasticity of Demand85

6.Income Elasticity of Demand87

7.Cross-elasticity of Demand89

8.Substitutes,Complements and Non-related goods90

Ⅲ.Elasticity of Supply92

1.Totally Inelastic Supply93

2.Totally Elastic Supply94

3.Unit Elastic Supply94

4.Inelastic Supply95

5.Elastic Supply95

Chapter 4 The Theory of consumer Behaviour99

Ⅰ.Marginal Utility Analysis99

1.Consumers99

2.Wants and Utility100

3.Consumer Equilibrium112

Ⅱ.Indifference Curve Analysis123

1.The Indifference Curve123

2.Assumptions about Preferences126

3.Characteristics of the Indifference Curves127

Ⅲ.Budger Line131

1.Properties of a Budget Line133

2.Consumer Equilibrium135

Ⅳ.Indifference Curves and Consumer Demand Curve138

1.Income-consumption Line138

2.Price- consumption Line139

3.Price- consumption Line and Demand Curve141

Ⅴ.Substitution and Income Effects143

1.Substitution and Income Effects from a Fall in Price144

2.Substitution and Income Effects from a Rise in Price146

3.Substitution and Income Effects for Inferior Goods149

4.Substitution and Income Effects for Giffen Goods150

Chapter 5 Production Theory154

Ⅰ.Different Forms of Firms154

1.Sole Proprietorship154

2.Partnership155

3.Corporations155

Ⅱ.Production and ist Basic Rules156

1.Production Functions157

2.Technological Coefficient159

3.Production with One Variable Input162

4.Economies of Scale170

Ⅲ.Cost and Revenue Analysis176

1.Cost Analysis176

2.Revenue Analysis193

Ⅳ.The Optimum Combination of Production Resources199

1.Isoquants199

2.Characteristice of Isoquant200

3.Iso-cost204

Ⅰ.The Goods Market and Factor Market210

Ⅱ.Three Co-ordination Tasks in the Economy212

Ⅲ.The Concept of Efficient Resource Allocation218

1.Efficiency in Output Selection220

2.Efficiency in Production Planning222

3.Efficiency in Distribution of Commodities223

4.How the Invisible Hand is at Work225

Chapter 7 The Concept of Market Structure227

Ⅰ.Perfect Competition227

1.The Rule of Revenues of a Firm under Perfect Competition231

2.Equilibrium of the Competitive Firm233

Ⅱ.Monopoly249

1.Causes of Monopoly250

2.Natural Monopoly252

3.The Rule of Revenue under Monopoly253

4.Firm s Equilibrium under Monopoly256

Ⅲ.Monopolistic Competition260

1.Conditions for Monopolistic Competition260

2.Equilibrium under Monopolistic Competition262

Ⅳ.Oligopoly266

1.Oligopoly Theory267

2.Oligopoly Cost and Demand271

3.The Kinked Demand Curve271

Ⅴ.Efficiency Comparison of Different Markets275

Chapter 8 Distribution Theory281

Ⅰ.Distribution Theory Based on Marginal Productivity281

1.Marginal Productivity281

2.Marginal Physical Product282

3.Marginal Revenue Product282

4.The Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution283

Ⅱ.Distribution Theory Based on Price Equilibrium288

1.The Equilibrium Price Theory of Distribution288

2.The Demand and Supply of Production Resources288

3.Determinants of the Equilibrium Wage Rate295

4.Marginal Efficiency of Capital and Determination of the Interest Rate301

5.Determinants of Equilibrium of Land Rent308

Ⅲ.Profit Theory310

1.Innovation311

2.Risk Bearing311

3. Monopoly Profits311

Ⅳ. Lorenz Curve312

Chapter 9 Summary316

Ⅰ.What Is Economics All About?316

Ⅱ. Demand and Supply318

Ⅲ.Elasticity319

Ⅳ.The Theory of Consumer Behaviour320

Ⅴ.Production Theory323

Ⅵ.Price System325

Ⅶ.The Concept of Market Structure326

Ⅷ.Distribution Theory328

GIGLIOGRAPHY330