《英语语音学》

Part One Rhythm1

Unit 1 Word stress13

Ⅰ. Kinds of Stress（重音的种类）13

Ⅱ. Stress Placement（重音位置）14

Ⅲ. Stress Influence on Meaning of Words18

Unit 2 Sentence Stress23

Ⅰ. Sense Stress23

Ⅱ. Logical Stress28

Ⅲ. Emotional Stress29

Ⅰ. Rhythm（节奏）33

Ⅱ. Rhythm Group（节奏）and Its Division33

Unit 3 Rhythm and Its features33

Ⅲ. Features of English Rhythm（英语节奏的特点）34

Unit 4 Rhythm Patterns43

Unit 5 Sense-groups and Pausing55

Ⅰ. Sense-groups and Their Divisions55

Ⅱ. Pausing57

Part two Intonation65

Unit 6 A Brief Introduction65

Ⅰ. Definition65

Ⅱ. Function65

Ⅲ. Illustrating Intonation66

Unit 7 Basic Tones and Their Training71

Ⅰ. Basic Tones（基本声调）71

Ⅱ. Basic Training of Tones73

Unit 8 Tone-groups79

Ⅰ. Tone-groups（声调组）79

Ⅱ. Tone-group Division80

Ⅲ. Structure of the Tone-group（or Tune）80

Prehead81

Head82

Body83

Nucleus83

Tail84

Ⅳ. Features of an English Tune85

Unit 9 function Of Tunes and Their Uses91

Ⅰ.Falling Tune91

Ⅱ.Rising Tune94

Ⅲ.Falling-rising Tune97

Unit 10 Combined Tunes103

Ⅰ.Fall＋Fall103

Ⅱ.Fall＋Rise104

Ⅲ.Rise＋Fall105

Ⅳ.Fall＋Rise106

Ⅴ.Fall-Fall-rise107

Ⅵ.Fall-rise＋Fall108

Ⅶ.fall-rise＋Rise108

Unit 11 Reading of Long Sentences113

Ⅰ.Tune Broken Upwards ( Broken Tune or Accidental Rise )113

Ⅱ.Intonation of Vocatives114

Ⅲ.Intonation of Parenthesis115

Ⅳ.Intonation of Reporting Phrases116

Unit 12 Organs of Speech123

Unit 13 The Classification of Phonemes127

Ⅰ.Phonemes（音位）and Allophones（音位变体）127

Ⅱ.Classification of English Phonemes128

Unit 14 The English Vowels-Pure Vowels135

Ⅰ.Front Vowels /i:/ and /I/135

Ⅱ.front Vowels /e/ and /ae/139

Ⅲ.Central Vowels /э:/ , / e / and /∧ /144

Ⅳ.Back Vowel / α: /151

Ⅴ.Back Vowels /α:/154

Ⅵ.Back Vowels /υ/ and /u: /158

Ⅰ.Closing Diphthongs /eI / , / aI / , and / cI /165

Unit 15 The English Vowels-Diphthongs165

Ⅱ.Closing Diphthongs /eu /171

Ⅲ.Centring Diphthongs / ie /,/ e / and / ue /175

Unit 16 consonants183

Ⅰ.Plosives / p / , / b / ; / t / , / d / ; / k / , / g /183

Ⅱ.Fricatives / f / , /v / ; / ? / , / З /187

Ⅲ.fricatives / s / , / z / ; /θ/ , / ò /190

Ⅳ.Fricatives/ h / ; frictionless continuant / r / and the lateral /1/193

Unit 17 consonants ( continued )197

Ⅴ.Nasals / m / , / n / , and / η/197

Ⅵ.Affricates / tj / and / dЗ/200

Ⅶ.Semi-vowels / w / and / j /202

Ⅰ.The Syllable Theories and Definition207

Unit 18 Phonemes in combination207

Ⅱ. Syllable Construction208

Ⅲ.Open Syllables210

Ⅳ.Closed Syllables210

Unit 19 Consonant Clusters and Incomplete Plosion217

Ⅰ.Consonant Clusters217

Ⅱ.Incomplete plosion218

Unit 20 Sound Changes in Connected Speech221

Ⅰ.Liaison221

Ⅱ.Strong Forms and Weak Forms223

Ⅲ.Elision230

Ⅳ.Assimilation232

Ⅴ.Length of a sound237

Additional Remarks: reading as an Exercise in Enunciation and delivery243

1.some Basic Points243

Breathing and resonance in the Mouth and Nose Cavities (呼吸与共鸣)244

Sense-groups and Pausing245

Pace ( or Tempo ), Intensity and Pitch（速度，音强或音重和音高）245

Tone and Expression (语气和表情)245

A Thorough Understanding of the Reading Material246

2.Models for Appreciation and Imitation247

AppendixⅠ.Rules of Reading261

AppendixⅡ.British English and American English in Comparison272

AppendixⅢ.Glossary274

Main References279