《Table 2 Case reports of ovarian cancer associated hypercalcemia》

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《Ovarian cancer presenting with hypercalcemia:two cases with similar manifestations but different mechanisms》

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Pre-op:pre-operative；post-op:post-operative；CT:chemotherapy；RT:radiotherapy

Ovarian cancers have been shown to be associated with HHM predominantly with clear cell subtype and small-cell carcinomas（Table 2）9.Clear cell carcinoma is characterized by the presence of clear cells，upon hematoxylin and eosin staining for rich cytoplasmic glycogen content，and highgrade nuclei with mitotic hyperactivity，which indicate the aggressive nature of this histological subtype.A 44-year-old patient with clear cell ovarian cancer（stage IC）who presented with hypercalcemia was reported in 201210.Clearcell carcinoma has been proven to be the dominant histological subtype，accounting for 38%of ovarian cancer–associated hypercalcemia cases.Further research has revealed that PTHr P seemed to promote tumor growth and metastasis，leading to tumor progression and poor outcome in patients with cancer11，12.Although a comprehensive treatment，which included optimized surgery combined with chemotherapy and antihypercalcemic therapy，was performed in case one，the patient died within 7 months since her primary treatment.