《Table 3.First-order interaction coefficients of elements in liq-uid steel at 1873 K[18]》

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《Novel mechanism for the modification of Al_2O_3-based inclusions in ultra-low carbon Al-killed steel considering the effects of magnesium and calcium》

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where R and T are the ideal gas constant and Kelvin temperature，respectively；a[i]（i=Al，Ca or Mg）represents the activity of element i in liquid steel relative to dilute solution，and ak（k=Al2O3，Ca O or Mg O）denotes the activity of components in inclusions relative to pure solid state.a[i]is calculated by Eq.（7），and the activity coefficient of each element in liquid steel is calculated using Eq.（8），where jie is the first-order interaction coefficient of elements j to i relative to dilute solution.The values of these coefficients are presented in Table 3.The calculated activity coefficient of each element in liquid Type A steel is listed in Table 4.Some academic papers[4，12]have reported that second-order interaction coefficients between Ca and O，between Al and O，and between Mg and O also influence their activity.In the present study，only first-order interaction coefficients were taken into account given that，similar to the method used by Jiang et al.[3]，since the steel grades used in the present study contain low amounts of alloy element components.Moreover，our previous work has already confirmed present method could obtain a reasonable result.