《数据通信与网络》

Chapter1: INTRODUCTION1

DATA COMMUNICATION2

Components3

NETWORKS4

Distributed Processing4

Network Criteria4

Applications6

PROTOCOLS AND STANDARDS7

Protocols7

Standards8

STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS9

Standards Creation Committees9

Forums11

Regulatory Agencies12

SUMMARY13

PRACTICE SET13

Multiple Choice13

Exercises15

Chapter2: BASIC CONCEPTS17

LINE CONFIGURATION17

Point-to-point18

Multipoint18

TOPOLOGY18

Mesh19

Star21

Tree21

Bus22

Ring23

Hybrid Topologies24

TRANSMISSION MODE24

Simplex25

Half-Duplex25

Full-Duplex25

CATEGORIES OF NETWORKS26

Local Area Network(LAN)26

Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)28

Wide Area Network(WAN)28

INTERNETWORKS29

SUMMARY30

PRACTICE SET30

Multiple Choice30

Exercises32

Chapter3: THE OSI MODEL35

THE MODEL35

Layered Architecture35

FUNCTIONS OF THE LAYERS39

Physical Layer39

Data Link Layer40

Network Layer41

Transport Layer43

Session Layer45

Presentation Layer47

Application Layer48

Summary of Layer Functions49

SUMMARY49

Multiple Choice50

PRACTICE SET50

Exercises53

Chapter4: SIGNALS55

ANALOG AND DIGITAL55

APERIODIC AND PERIODIC SIGNALS57

Periodic Signals57

Aperiodic Signals58

ANALOG SIGNALS59

Simple Analog Signals59

Complex Signals64

Frequency Spectrum and Bandwidth65

DIGITAL SIGNALS67

Amplitude,Period,and Phase67

Decomposition of a Digital Signal68

Medium Bandwidth and Significant Bandwidth69

Medium Bandwidth and Data Rate:Channel Capacity70

Use of Analog Signals to Transmit Digital Data71

MATHEMATICAL APPROACH(OPTIONAL)73

SUMMARY74

PRACTICE SET75

Multiple Choice75

Exercises77

Chapter5: ENCODING79

DIGITAL-TO-DIGITAL ENCODING79

Unipolar80

Polar82

Bipolar85

ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL ENCODING90

Pulse Amplitude Modulation(PAM)91

Pulse Code Modulation(PCM)92

Sampling Rate94

DIGTAL-TO-ANALOG ENCODING95

Aspects of Digital-to-Analog Encoding95

Amplitude Shift Keying(ASK)96

Frequency Shift Keying(FSK)99

Phase Shift Keying(PSK)101

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM)104

Bit/Baud Comparison106

ANALOG-TO-ANALOG ENCODING107

Amplitude Modulation(AM)108

Frequency Modulation(FM)110

SUMMARY112

Phase Modulation(PM)112

PRACTICE SET114

Multiple Choice114

Exercises118

Chapter6: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL DATA:INTERFACES AND MODEMS121

DIGITAL DATA TRANSMISSION121

Parallel Transmission122

Serial Transmission123

DTE-DCE INTERFACE125

Data Terminal Equipment(DTE)126

Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment(DCE)126

Standards127

EIA-232Interface127

EIA-449134

OTHER INTERFACE STANDARDS134

EIA-530138

X.21139

MODEMS140

Transmission Rate142

Modem Standards145

SUMMARY152

PRACTICE SET154

Multiple Choice154

Exercises160

Chapter7: TRANSMISSION MEDIA163

GUIDED MEDIA164

Twisted-Pair Cable164

Coaxial Cable168

Optical Fiber169

UNGUIDED MEDIA176

Radio Frequency Allocation176

Propagation of Radio Waves176

Terrestrial Microwave181

Satellite Communication182

Cellular Telephony184

PERFORMANCE187

SUMMARY188

PRACTICE SET190

Multiple Choice190

Exercises195

Chapter8: MULTIPLEXING197

MANY TO ONE/ONE TO MANY197

TYPES OF MULTIPLEXING198

Frequency-Division Multiplexing(FDM)199

Time-Division Multiplexing(TDM)202

Inverse Multiplexing209

MULTIPLEXING APPLICATION:THE TELEPHONE SYSTEM210

Common Carrier Services and Hierarchies210

Analog Services211

Digital Services213

SUMMARY219

PRACTICE SET220

Multiple Choice220

Exercises223

Chapter9: ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION225

TYPES OF ERRORS225

Multiple-Bit Error226

Single-Bit Error226

Burst Error227

DETECTION227

Redundancy227

Vertical Redundancy Check(VRC)228

Longitudinal Redundancy Check(LRC)230

Cyclic Redundancy Check(CRC)232

Checksum235

ERROR CORRECTION237

Single-Bit Error Correction237

Hamming Code238

Multiple-Bit Error Correction241

SUMMARY242

Multiple Choice243

PRACTICE SET243

Exercises245

Chapter:10 DATA LINK CONTROL247

LINE DISCIPLINE248

ENQ/ACK248

FLOW CONTROL253

Stop-and-Wait253

Sliding Window255

ERROR CONTROL258

Automatic Repeat Request(ARQ)258

Stop-and-Wait ARQ259

Sliding Window ARQ261

SUMMARY267

Multiple Choice268

PRACTICE SET268

Exercises270

Chapter11: DATA LINK PROTOCOLS273

ASYNCHRONOUS PROTOCOLS274

XMODEM274

YMODEM275

ZMODEM275

BLAST275

Kermit275

SYNCHRONOUS PROTOCOLS276

CHARACTER-ORIENTED PROTOCOLS276

Binary Synchronous Communication(BSC)277

BSC Frames278

Data Transparency281

BIT-ORENTED PROTOCOLS282

HDLC284

Frames286

More about Frames291

Link Access Procedures300

SUMMARY300

PRCATICE SET302

Multiple Choice302

Exercises304

Chapter12: LOCAL AREA NETWORKS307

PROJECT802307

MAC309

Protocol Data Unit(PDU)309

LLC309

IEEE802.1309

ETHERNET310

Access Method:CSMA/CD311

Addressing312

Electrical Specification312

Frame Format312

Implementation314

TOKEN BUS319

TOKEN RING319

Access Method:Token Passing319

Addressing321

Electrical Specification322

Frame Formats322

Implementation325

Access Method:Token Passing327

FDDI327

Addressing330

Electrical Specification330

Frame Format332

Implementation:Physical Medium Dependent(PMD)Layer333

COMPARISON335

SUMMARY335

PRACTICE SET337

Multiple Choice337

Exercises341

Chapter13: METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORKS343

IEEE802.6343

Access Method:Dual Bus343

Distributed Queues346

Ring Configuration348

Operation:DQDB Layers349

Implementation350

SMDS351

Connection and Access352

SUMMARY353

PRACTICE SET354

Multiple Choice354

Exercises355

Chapter14: SWITCHING:A NETWORK LAYER FUNCTION357

CIRCUIT SWITCHING358

Space-Division Switches359

Time-Division Switches362

Space-and Time-Division Switching Combinations364

PACKET SWITCHING365

Datagram Approach366

Virtual Circuit Approach367

MESSAGE SWITCHING369

NETWORK LAYER370

Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services370

SUMMARY371

PRACTICE SET372

Multiple Choice372

Exercises374

Chapter15: INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK(ISDN)375

SERVICES375

Bearer Services375

HISTORY376

Voice Communication over Analog Networks376

Teleservices376

Supplementary Services376

Voice and Data Communication over Analog Networks377

Analog and Digital Services to Subscribers377

Integated Digital Network(IDN)378

Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN)379

SUBSCRIBER ACCESS TO THE ISDN380

B Channels380

D Channels380

H Channels381

User Interfaces381

Functional Grouping383

THE ISDN LAYER385

Reference Points385

Physical Layer387

Data Link Layer392

Network Layer394

BROADBAND ISDN398

Services399

Physical Specifications400

SUMMARY401

PRACTICE SET403

Multiple Choice403

Exercises407

Chapter16:X.25409

X.25 LAYERS409

Network Layer410

Physical Layer410

Data Link Layer410

PACKET LAYER PROTOCOL411

Information Pacdets411

Control Packets413

Complete Packet Sequence417

Virtual Channel ID Numbers418

SUMMARY419

PRACTICE SET419

Multiple Choice419

Exercises421

Chapter17:FRAME RELAY423

FRAME RELAY LAYERS424

Physical Layer424

Data Link Layer425

FRAME RELAY OPERATION426

Relay427

Switching427

Congestion Control429

IMPLEMENTATION429

SUMMARY430

PRACTICE SET431

Multiple Choice431

Exercises432

Chapter18: ATM433

DESIGN GOALS433

Packet Networks434

Mixed Network Traffic434

Cell Networks435

Additional Advantages of ATM439

ATM TOPOLOGY440

ATM PROTOVOL ARCHITECTURE442

Application Adaptation Layer(AAL)442

ATM Layer449

Phvsical Layer453

SUMMARY453

PRACTICE SET454

Multiple Choice454

Exercises456

Chapter19:SONET/SDH459

SYNCHRONOUS TRANSPORT SIGNALS460

PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION461

SONET Devices461

Section Layer462

Photonic Layer462

Sections,Lines,and Paths462

SONET LAYERS462

Line Layer463

Path Layer463

Device-Layer Relationships463

THE SONET FRAME463

Frame Format464

Section Overhead466

Line Overhead466

Path Overhead468

Virtual Tributaries469

Trpes of VTs469

MULTIPLEXING STS FRAMES470

SUMMARY471

PRACTICE SET472

Multiple Choice472

Exercises475

Chapter20: NETWORKING AND INTERNETWORKING DEVICES477

REPEATERS478

Not an Amplifier480

BRIDGES480

Types of Bridges482

ROUTERS483

Routing Concepts485

GATEWAYS487

ROUTING ALGORITHMS487

Distance Vector Routing488

Link State Routing495

SUMMARY502

PRACTICE SET503

Multiple Choice503

Exercises506

Chapter21: TRANSPORT LAYER507

DUTIES OF THE TRANSPORT LAYER508

End-to-End Delivery508

Addrseeing509

Reliable Delivery510

Flow Control513

Multiplexing514

CONNECTION516

Connection Establishment516

Transport Classes517

Connection Termination517

THE OSI TRANSPORT PROTOCOL517

Transport Protocol Data Unit(TPDU)518

Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services519

SUMMARY520

PRACTICE SET521

Multiple Choice521

Exercises523

Chapter22: UPPER OSI LAYERS525

SESSION LAYER525

Session and Transport Interaction526

Synchronization Points527

Session Protocol Data Unit528

Translation529

PRESENTATION LAYER529

Encryption/Decryption531

Authentication534

Data Compression536

APPLICATION LAYER538

Message Handling System(MHS)538

File Transfer,Access,and Management(FTAM)540

Virtual Terminal(VT)541

Directory Services(Ds)542

Common Management Intormation Protocol(CMIP)543

SUMMARY545

PRACTICE SET546

Multiple Choice546

Exercises548

Chapter23: TCP/IP549

OVER VIEW OF TCP/IP549

TCP/IP and the Internet549

TCP/IP and OSI550

Encapsulation550

NETWORK LAYER551

Intermetwork Protocol(IP)551

Other Protocols in the Network Layer556

TRANSPORT LAYER558

User Datagram Protocol(UDP)559

Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)559

APPLICATION LAYER562

Domain Name System(DNS)563

TENET564

File Transfer Protocols566

File Access Using NFS and RPC568

Electronic Mail:SMTP569

Simple Network Management Protocol(SNMP)571

Gopher573

Archie573

Veronica573

Wide Area Information Service(WAIS)574

Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP)574

WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)574

Uniform Resource Locator(URL)575

Browser Architecture577

SUMMARY581

Multiple Choice583

PRACTICE SET583

Exercises590

AppendixA: ASCII AND EBCDIC CODES593

AppendixB: NUMBERING SYSTEMS AND TRANSFORMATION595

AppendixC: REPRESENTATION OF BINARY NUMBERS607

AppendixD: ONE’S COMPLEMENT ARITHMETIC FOR CHECKSUM CALCULATION615

AppendixE: FOURIER ANALYSIS619

AppendixF: HARDWARE EQUIPMENT FOR ERROR DETECTION623

AppendixG: HUFFMAN CODING631

AppendixH: IP VERSION 6639

ACRONYMS643

GLOSSARY647

REFERENCES675

INDEX677