《碳酸岩有机地球化学 在石油、天然气、煤和层控矿床成因及评价中的应用》求取 ⇩

三、碳酸岩中有机质的来源1

1．1．1 Organism association types and carbonate sediments1

1．1 Distribution and organic composition of carbonate rocks1

CHAPTER 1．SEDIMENTARY CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBONATE ROCKS AND THE SOURCES OF ORGANIC MATTER1

PREFACE1

第一章 碳酸岩的沉积特点及其有机质的来源1

一、碳酸岩的分布与生物组成1

（一）碳酸盐沉积与生物组合类型1

1．1．2 Organic mineralization and carbonate sediments7

（二）生物矿化作用与碳酸盐沉积7

二、微生物对碳酸岩中有机质的作用11

1．2 Microbial alteration of organic matter in carbonate sediments11

（一）微生物对有机质矿化作用的类型12

1．2．1 Organic mineralization types effected by microbial activity12

1．2．2 Distribution and activity of microorganisms13

（二）微生物在沉积物中的分布范围与作用13

1．3 Sources of organic matter in carbonate rocks16

1．3．1 Productivity and composition of living organisms18

（一）活体生物的产率与组成18

1．3．2 Organisms in water body20

（二）水体中的有机质20

一、宏观的有机质聚集状态25

2．1 Macroscopic occurrence of enriched organic matter25

CHAPTER 2．EXISTING STATE AND COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC MATTER IN CARBONATE ROCKS25

第二章 碳酸岩有机质的存在形式与组成25

（一）碳酸岩中的煤26

2．1．1 Coal associated with carbonate rocks26

（二）碳酸岩中的石油及沥青28

2．1．2 Crude oil and asphalt associated with carbonate rocks28

二、碳酸岩中分散有机质的存在形式32

（一）碳酸岩矿物对有机质的作用32

2．2 Occurrence of dispersed organic matter32

2．2．1 Effectiveness of minerals on organic matter32

2．2．2 Three kinds of dispersed organic matter32

（二）碳酸岩分散有机质的类型32

（三）各类有机质热演化程度及其地球化学意义33

2．2．3 Thermal evolution of different kinds of organic matter and its geochemical significance33

（一）碳酸岩中主要有机化合物35

三、碳酸岩中主要的有机化合物类型35

2．3 Major organic compound types of carbonate rocks35

2．3．1 Major organic compounds35

（二）碳酸岩中的氨基酸36

2．3．2 Amino acids36

一、蒸发岩建造有机质的生物标志化合物组成42

CHAPTER 3．BIOLOGICAL MARKER COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC MATTER IN CARBONATE ROCKS42

3．1 Biomarker composition of organic matter in evaporite sequences42

3．1．1 Littoral evaporite sediments （lagoonal-sabkha sediments）42

第三章 碳酸岩有机质的生物标志化合物组成42

（一）滨岸蒸发岩沉积（潟湖-萨布卡沉积）42

（二）内陆盐湖沉积51

3．1．2 Inland hypersaline lacustrine sediments51

3．2 Biomarker composition of organic matter in marine carbonate sediments65

3．2．1 Marine carbonate sediments and related crude oils abroad65

二、海相碳酸盐沉积有机质的生物标志化合物组成65

（一）国外海相碳酸盐沉积与原油65

3．2．2 Marine carbonate rocks and related oils in Eastern China70

（二）中国东部海相碳酸岩与原油70

3．3 Biomarker peculiarities of organic matter in evaporiticcarbonate sedimentary sequences75

三、蒸发岩-碳酸岩建造有机质生物标志化合物特征75

第四章 碳酸岩中的沥青77

一、碳酸岩中沥青的分布和类型77

CHAPTER 4．ASPHALTS IN CARBONATE ROCKS77

4．1 Distribution and types of asphalts in carbonate rocks77

4．1．1 Primary-synstratum asphalts78

（一）原生-同层沥青78

4．1．2 Epigenetic-reservoir asphalts79

（二）后生-储层沥青79

（三）岩浆热变质沥青80

（四）表生-浅层氧化沥青80

4．1．3 Igneo-thermal alterated asphalts80

4．1．4 Hypergenetic-shallow oxidized asphalts80

4．2 Thermal metamorphism rule of asphalts in carbonate rocks and thermostage division and nomenclature80

二、碳酸岩中沥青的热变质规律以及热演化阶段的划分与命名80

（一）沥青热演化程度指标的选择与应用81

4．2．1 Selection and application of thermal maturation indicators of asphalts81

（二）碳酸岩中沥青演化程度的划分与命名87

4．2．2 Division and nomenclature of thermal maturity of asphalts87

三、划分碳酸岩区油、气产出界限的若干沥青热演化指标90

4．3 Asphalt thermal alteration indicators used to evaluate the occurrence of crude oils and natural gases in carbonate rock areas90

5．1 Significance of studying liquid inclusions in carbonate rocks92

第五章 碳酸岩中的流体包裹体92

CHAPTER 5．LIQUID INCLUSIONS IN CARBONATE ROCKS92

一、研究意义92

二、研究方法93

5．2．1 Polarization microscopic study93

5．2 Study methods93

（一）偏光显微镜研究93

5．2．2 Fluorescence microscopic study97

5．2．3 Micro-cold and-heat stage study97

（二）荧光显微镜研究97

（三）显微冷热台研究97

5．2．4 Compositional study100

（四）成分研究100

5．3 Application of inclusions in exploration of oil and gas in carbonate rock areas104

三、包裹体在碳酸岩区油气勘探中的应用104

第六章 碳酸岩有机质的成岩后生演化109

CHAPTER 6．DIAGENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATION OF ORGANIC MATTER IN CARBONATE ROCKS109

6．1 Diagenetic alteration of organic matter in carbonate rocks112

6．1．1 Diagenetic alteration of organic matter in lacustrine evaporites112

（一）湖相蒸发岩有机质的热演化112

一、碳酸岩有机质的成岩演化112

6．1．2 Diagenetic alteration of organic matter in marine carbonate rocks——loss of organic matter during early diagenesis115

（二）海相碳酸岩有机质成岩变化——碳酸岩有机质的早期成岩丢失116

6．1．3 Early diagenesis of evaporite-carbonate rocks，and its relationship to generation of shallow hydrocarbon118

（三）蒸发岩-碳酸岩早期成岩作用与浅成烃成因118

6．2 Epigenetic alteration of organic matter in carbonate rocks125

二、碳酸岩有机质的后生演化125

CHAPTER 7．EVALUATION OF OIL AND GAS IN CARBONATE ROCK STRATA130

第七章 碳酸岩地层油气评价130

7．1 Geochemical methods and parameters for oil and gas evaluation131

一、油气评价的地球化学方法与指标131

7．2 Source rock evaluation133

二、生油岩评价133

（一）生油岩有机相134

7．2．1 Organo-facies of source rocks134

7．2．2 Abundance of organic matter in source rocks136

（二）生油岩有机质丰度136

（三）生油岩有机质类型139

7．2．3 Organic matter types of source rocks139

三、油源对比141

7．3 Oil/oil and oil/source correlation141

（一）油气藏成因评价与评价标志150

四、油气藏评价和油气藏举例150

7．4 Oil and gas reservoir evaluation and evaluation examples150

7．4．1 Oil and gas reservoir evaluation and evaluation parameters150

（二）油气藏举例155

7．4．2 Evaluation examples155

7．5 Thermal maturity and regional evaluation164

7．5．1 Division of oil and gas generation stages164

五、热成熟度和区域评价164

（一）油气形成阶段的划分164

7．5．2 Evaluation of regional prospectives of oil and gas in carbonate rock areas165

（二）碳酸岩油气区域远景评价165

CHAPTER 8．ORGANIC MATTER IN CARBONATE ROCKS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO STRATABOUND DEPOSITS172

8．1 Abundance and origin of organic matter of stratabound deposits in carbonate rocks172

第八章 碳酸岩中的有机质与层控矿床172

一、碳酸岩层控矿床中有机质的丰度和成因172

（一）有机质的丰度172

8．1．1 Abundance of organic matter172

（二）有机质的成因173

8．1．2 Origin of organic matter173

二、碳酸岩层控矿床中有机质的组成和性质及其与成矿作用的关系177

（一）层控矿床中伴生沥青的微量元素组成在矿源对比研究中的意义177

8．2 Composition and nature of organic matter occurred in stratabound deposits in carbonate rocks and its relatonship to mineralization177

8．2．1 Trace elemental composition of asphalts associated with str atabound deposits and its significance in ore/source correlation177

（二）层控矿床中沥青演化程度与成矿作用和成矿温度的关系178

8．2．2 Thermal evolution of asphalts of stratabound deposits and its relationship to ore genesis and temperature178

8．2．3 Examples of stratabound deposits associated closely with organic matter and asphalts182

（三）与有机质和沥青关系密切的金属与非金属层控矿床实例182

（一）成矿元素的活化、迁移与油田卤水186

三、碳酸岩层控矿床成因与石油生成演化的关系186

8．3 Relationship between carbonate stratabound deposit genesis and petroleum generation and evolution186

8．3．1 Activity and migration of ore-generating elements，and their relationship to oil and gas field brine186

（二）成矿物质的沉淀聚集和石油的生物降解及热演化190

8．3．2 Precipitation and concentration of ore-generating elements and their relationship to petroleum biodegradation and thermal evolution190

（三）成矿温度“窗”和“石油窗”193

8．3．2 “Ore genetic temperature window”and“oil window”193

参考文献196

References196

图版205

Plates205