《FLUCTUATION PHENOMENA IN SEMI-CONDUCTORS》求取 ⇩

1.INTRODUCTION1

Reasons for Studying Fluctuations in Semi-conductors1

Classification of Various Sources of Noise2

2.CHARACTERIZATION OF NOISINESS IN TWO-AND FOUR-TERMINAL NETWORKS3

Noise Characterization in Two-terminal Networks3

Noise Characterization in Four-terminal Networks4

Noise-measuring Equipment6

Noise Measurements8

3.MATHEMATICAL METHODS11

Probability Distributions,Averages,Correlation11

Fourier Analysis of Fluctuating Quantities14

Carson’s Theorem17

The Langevin Equation for One Variable17

The Langevin Equation for Several Variables20

4.GENERATION-RECOMBINATION NOISE IN THE CASE OF THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM22

Noise Caused by Resistance Fluctuations22

Simple Treatment of the Problem:Older Theories23

Carrier Density Fluctuations26

Ambipolar Effects31

Processes Leading to a Series of Time Constants37

Equivalent Circuit Methods39

Comparison with Experiments43

5.FLICKER NOISE IN SEMI-CONDUCTOR MATERIAL46

General Characteristics of Flicker Noise46

Experiments Concerning the Nature of l/f Noise48

Field Effect50

Application of the Surface Model to Flicker Noise54

Other Theories60

6.NOISE IN PHOTO-CONDUCTORS65

The Fundamental Noise Problem in Photo-conductors65

Sensitivity Limit of Photo-conductors:Noise Figure70

Discussion of Several Examples73

Discussion of Practical Photo-conductors77

7.NOISE IN SEMI-CONDUCTOR RESISTORS83

Linear Semi-conductor Resistance Devices83

Non-linear Semi-conductor Resistors:Thermistors84

8.SHOT NOISE IN SEMI-CONDUCTOR DIODES86

Introduction86

The Corpuscular Approach89

Modulation Effects94

The Collective Approach96

Experimental Verification of the Theory106

Noise in the Avalanche Region of a p-n Junction Charaoteristic108

9.SHOT NOISE IN JUNCTION TRANSISTORS113

The Low-frequency Corpuscular Approach114

General Corpuscular Approach in Transistors119

Modulation Effccts123

The Collective Approach124

Experimental Verification of the Theory127

10.FLICKER NOISE IN DIODES AND TRANSISTORS137

General Characteristics of Flicker Noise137

Flicker Noisc in Junction Diodes138

Flicker Noise in Transistors143

11.APPLICATIONS:MINIMUM NOISE CONSIDERATIONS149

Noise in Semi-conductor Photocells149

Low-noise Transistor Circuits151

Diodes as Mixers and as Parametric Amphfiers157

Index165