《人畜线虫学》求取 ⇩

概论1

引言2

线虫的形态构造4

(一)体型和大小4

(二)体表和体壁的构造6

(三)假体腔11

(四)器官系统16

1.消化系统16

2.排泄系统19

3.神经系统20

4.生殖系统21

线虫的生理机能24

(一)营养(Nutrition)24

(二)代谢(Metabolism)24

(三)呼吸(Respiration)和能量代谢25

(四)排泄(Excretion)25

(七)生殖和发育(Reproduction and development)26

钩虫的自体感染26

(五)渗透(Osmoregulation)26

(六)运动(Locomotion)26

线虫的分类32

(一)棘头动物亚门32

(二)线虫亚门32

动物的联系及寄生的性质38

(一)同种类动物的联系38

(二)不同种类动物的联系38

(三)寄生的形式39

动物界中的寄生虫类群40

(四)寄生虫的特点40

(五)宿主的类型40

(一)原生动物门(Protozoa)41

(二)中生动物(Mesozoa)41

(三)腔肠动物门(Coelenterata)41

(四)扁形动物门(Platyhelminthes)41

(五)袋形动物门(Aschelminthes)41

(八)环形动物门(Annelida)42

(九)节足动物门(Arthropoda)42

(六)棘头动物门(Acanthocephala)42

(七)软体动物门(Mollusca)42

(十)脊椎动物门(Vertebrata)43

与线虫纲接近的一些动物44

寄生线虫的生态学48

寄生线虫的传播51

人体对线虫病的抵抗和免疫52

家畜线虫病的药物治疗56

(三)选用抗蠕虫药物的标准57

(一)药物治疗在防治蠕虫病中的意义57

(二)防治蠕虫病药物的分类57

(四)抗蠕虫药物的应用方法58

(五)使用抗蠕虫药物应注意的事项59

(六)抗线虫药物59

各论一70

杆形线虫目(Rhabditida)70

小杆线虫总科(Rhabditoidea Travassos,1920)70

类圆线虫科(Strongyloididae Chitwood et McIntosh.1934)72

粪类圆线虫(Strongyloides stercoralis(Bavay，1876) Stiles et Hassall，1903)73

类圆线虫属(Strongyloides Grassi,1879)73

类圆线虫属的其他种类81

乳突类圆线虫(Strongyloides papillosus(Wedl,1856)Ransom,1911)82

任逊类圆线虫(Strongyloides ransomi Schwartz and Alicata,1930)83

小杆线虫科(Rhabditidae Oerley,1880)87

家畜类圆线虫病的症状和病理87

同杆线虫属(Rhabditella Cobb,1929)88

艾士同杆线虫(Rhabditella axei(Cobbold,1884)Chitwood.1933)88

小杆线虫属(Rhabditis Dujardin,1845)89

各论二91

蛔虫亚目(Ascaridata Skrjabin,1915)91

蛔虫科(Ascarididae Blanchard,1849)91

蛔虫目(Ascaridida Skrjabin et Schulz,1940)91

蛔虫亚科(Ascarididnae Lane,1923)92

蛔虫属(Ascaris Linnaeus,1758)92

人蛔虫(似蚓蛔虫)(Ascaris lumbricoides Linnaeus,1758)92

猪蛔虫(Ascaris suum(Goeze,1782))97

付蛔虫属(Parascaris Yorke et Maplestone，1926)103

马付蛔虫(Parascaris equorum(Goeze,1782)Yorke et Maplestone,1926)103

牛新蛔虫(Neoascaris vitulorum(Goeze,1782))106

新蛔虫属(Neoascaris Travassos,1927)106

弓蛔虫属(Toxascaris Leiper.1907)108

狮弓蛔虫(Toxascaris leonina(Von Linstow,1902)109

弓首蛔虫属(Toxocara Stiles，1905)111

犬弓首蛔虫(Toxocara canis(Werner，1782)Stiles,1905)111

猫弓首蛔虫(Toxocara cati(Schrank,1788)Brumpt，1927)116

弓首蛔虫幼虫在人体内脏产生的幼虫移行症118

犬弓首蛔虫及猫弓首蛔虫对异常宿主神经系统的侵害120

兔唇蛔虫属(Lagochilascaris Leiper，1909)121

小兔唇蛔虫(Lagochilascaris minor Leiper，1909)122

禽蛔虫亚科(Ascaridiinae Travassos，1919)122

鸡蛔虫(Ascaridia galli(Schrank,1788)Freeborn,1923)122

禽蛔虫属(Ascaridia Dujardin，1845)122

迥异鸡蛔虫(Ascaridia dissimilis Perez Vigneras,1931)126

齐突禽蛔虫(Ascaridia compar(Schrank.1790)126

珠鸡蛔虫(Ascaridia numidae(Leiper,1908))127

松鸡蛔虫(Ascaridia bonasae Wehr,1940)127

鸽蛔虫(Ascaridia columbac(Gmelin,1790)Travassos,1913)128

异尖线虫亚科(Anisakinae Railliet et Henry,1912)129

对盲肠线虫属(Contracaecum Railliet and Henry,1912)129

异唇线虫科(Heterocheilidae Railliet et Henry,1915)129

多乳突对盲肠线虫(Contracaecum multipapillatum(von Drasche,1882)130

异尖线虫(Anisakis sp.)132

异尖线虫属(Anisakis Dujardin,1845)132

异尖线虫幼虫病133

尖尾线虫亚目(Oxyurata Skrjabin,1923)137

尖尾线虫科(Oxyuridae Cobbold,1864)143

尖尾线虫亚科(Oxyurinar Hall,1916)143

尖尾线虫属(Oxyuris Rudolphi,1803)144

马尖尾线虫(Oxyuris equi(Schrank,1788)Rudolphi,1803)144

蛲虫属(Enterobius Leach,1853)145

人蛲虫(Enterobius vertnicularis(Linnaeus,1758)Leach,1853)146

寄生在灵长类哺乳动物等的蛲属线虫151

栓尾线虫属(Passalurus Dujardin,1845)152

兔栓尾线虫(Passalurus ambiguus(Rudolphi,1819)Dujardin,1845)152

颈棘线虫亚科(Auchenacanthinat Yamaguti,1961)153

颈棘线虫属(Auchenacantha Baylis,1929)153

狐猴颈棘线虫(Auchenacantha galeopteri Baylis,1929)154

何氏线虫属(Hoepplius Chu,1931)155

棘何氏线虫(Hoepplius spinosus Chu,1931)155

胎生普氏线虫(Probstmayria vivipara(Probstmayr,1865)Ransom,1907)156

勃何氏线虫(Hoepplius boholi Chu,1931)156

普氏线虫属(Probstmayria Ransom,1907)156

罗洛线虫亚科(Lauroiinae Skrjabin et Schikhobalova,1951)156

管状线虫亚科(Syphaciinae Railliet,1916)157

管状线虫属(Syphacia Seurat,1916)157

鼠管状线虫(Syphacia obvelata(Rudolphi,1802)Seurat,1916)157

斯氏线虫属(Skrjabinema Wereschtchagin,1925)157

羊斯氏线虫(Skrjabinema ouis(Skrjabin,1915)Wereschtchagin,1926)158

箭形线虫亚科(Atractinae Railliet,1917)158

箭形线虫科(Atractidae Travassos,1919)158

莱波线虫属(Leiperenia Khalil,1922)159

盔形莱波线虫(Leiperenia galebi Khalil,1922)159

异刺线虫科(Heterakidae Railliet et Henry,1914)159

异刺线虫亚科(Heterakinae Railliet et Henry,1912)159

异刺线虫属(Heterakis Dujardin,1845)159

鸡异刺线虫(Heterakis gallinarum(Schrank,1788)Madsen,1949)160

异刺线虫传播火鸡黑头病161

异刺线虫属其他种类163

圆线虫目(Strongylida Nicoll,1927 emend.)166

各论三166

圆线虫总科(Strongyloidea Weinland,1858)170

圆线虫科(Strongylidae Baird,1853)171

圆线虫亚科(Strongylinae Railliet,1893)171

圆线虫属(Strongylus Müesser,1780)173

马圆线虫(Strongylus equinus Müeller,1780)173

阿弗线虫属(Alfortia(Railliet,1923)Skrjabin,1933)177

无齿阿弗线虫(Al ortia edentatus(Looss,1900)Skrjabin,1933)177

食道齿线虫属(Oesophagodontus Railliet et Henry,1902)178

代拉线虫属(Delafondia(Railliet,1923)Skrjabin,1933)178

普通代拉线虫(Delafondia vulgaris (Looss,1900)Skrjabin,1933)178

粗食道齿线虫(Oesophagodontus robustus (Giles,1892)Railliet and Henry,1902 )179

三齿线虫属(Triodontophorus Looss,1902)179

锯齿状三齿线虫(Triodontophorus serratus(Looss,1900)Looss,1902)180

短尾三齿线虫(Triodontophorus brevicauda Roulenger,1916)180

坑口线虫属(Oraterostomum Boulenger,1920)181

熊氏三齿线虫(Triodontophorus hsiungi Kung,1958)181

细颈三齿线虫(Triodontophorus tenuicollis Boulenger,1916)181

小三齿线虫(Triodontophorus minor (Looss,1900)Looss,1902)181

日本三齿线虫(Triodontophorus nipponicus Yamaguti,1943)181

波波夫三齿线虫(Triodontophorus popowi Erschov,1931)181

抵克鲁钱虫属(Decrusia Lane,1914)182

嗜象抵克鲁线虫(Decrusia additicta(Railliet、Henry and Bauche,1914)Lane,1914)182

异冠线虫属(Equinurbia Lane,1914)182

星虫状异冠线虫(Equinurbia sipunculiformis(Baird,1859)Lane,1914)182

尖尾坑口线虫(Oraterostomum acuticaudatum(Kotlan,1919)Boulenger,1920)182

漏斗形线虫属(Choniangium Railliet,Henry and Bauche,1914)183

外口漏斗形线虫(Choniangium epistomum(Piana and Stazzi,1900)Railliet,Henry and Bauche,1914)184

大口漏斗形线虫(Choniangium magnostomum van der Westhuysen,1938)184

毛线线虫亚科(Trichonematinae Railliet,1916)184

埃及毛线线虫(Trichonema aegyptiacum Railliet,1923)186

毛线线虫属(Trichonema Cobbold,1874)186

长伞毛线线虫(Trichonema longibursatum(Yorke et Macfie,1918)Erschov,1943)186

卡提毛线线虫(Trichonema catinatum(Looss,1900)Erschov,1943)187

花状毛线线虫(Trichonema calicatum(Looss,1900)Erschov,1943)187

冠状毛线线虫(Trichonema coronatum(Looss,1900)Erschov,1943)187

大唇片毛线线虫(Trichonema labiatum(Looss,1902)Erschov,1943)188

小唇片毛线线虫(Trichonema labratum(Looss,1900)Erschov,1943)188

微小毛线线虫(Trichonema minutum (Yorke et Macfie,1918)Erschov,1943)188

鲍氏线虫属(Bourgelatia Railliet.Henry et Bauche,1919)189

高氏环尾线虫(Cylicocercus goldi(Boulenger,1917)Cram,1924)189

曾氏毛线线虫(Trichonema tsengi K’ung et Yanf,1963)189

碗环尾线虫(Cylicocercus catinatus (Looss,1900)Cram,1924)189

槽环尾线虫(Cylicocercus alveayus(Looss,1900)Cram,1923)189

环尾线虫属(Cylicocercus Thle,1922)189

双管鲍氏线虫(Bourgelatia diducta Railliet,Henry et Bauche,1919)190

圆齿线虫属(Cylicodontophorus (Ihle,1922)Erschov,1939)190

双冠圆齿线虫(Cylicodontophorus bicoronaium (Looss,1900)Erschov,1939)190

奥普圆齿线虫(C.euproctus (Boulenger,1917)Erschov,1939)190

碟状圆齿线虫(C.pateratum(Yorke et Macfie,1919)Erschov,1939)190

缽口线虫属(Poteriostomum Quiel,1919)190

不等齿缽口线虫(Poteriostomum imparidentatum Quiel 1919)190

斯氏缽口线虫(Poteriostomum skrjabini Erschov,1939)190

杯环线虫属(Cylicocyclus (Ihle,1922)Erschov,1939)190

斯氏彼杜洛线虫(Petrovinema skrjabini Erschov,1930)191

高氏舒毛线虫(Schulzitrichonema goldi(Boulenger,1917)Erschov,1943)191

舒毛线虫属(Schulzitrichonema Erschov,1943)191

杯状彼杜洛线虫(Petrovinema poculatum(Looss,1900)Erschov,1943)191

彼杜洛线虫属(Petrovinema Erschov,1943)191

辐射杯环线虫(Cylicocyclus radiatum (Looss,1902)Erschov,1939)191

似六齿线虫属(Gyalocephalus Looss,1900)192

食道口线虫亚科(Oesophagostominae Railliet.1916)192

食道口线虫属(Oesophagostomum Molin,1861)192

头似六齿线虫(Gyalocephalus capitalus Looss,1900)192

有齿食道口线虫(Oesophagostomum dentatum (Rud.，1803)Molin,1861)193

长尾食道口线虫(Oesophagostomum longicaudum Goodey,1925)194

哥伦比亚食道口线虫(Oesophagostomum columbianum(Curtice,1890)Stossich,1899)194

微管食道口线虫(Oesophagostomum venulosum(Rud.，1809)Railliet et Henry,1913)195

辐射食道口线虫(Oesophagostomum radiatum (Rudolphi.1803)Railliet,1898)195

粗纹食道口线虫(Oesophagostomum asperum Railliet et Henry,1913)196

甘肃食道口线虫(Oesophagostomum kansuensis Hsiung,1955)196

夏柏特线虫属(Chabertia Railliet et Henry,1909)196

羊夏柏特线虫(Chabertia ovina (Fabricius,1788)Railliet et Henry,1909)196

钩口线虫科(Ancylostomatidae Nicoll,1927)199

钩口线虫亚科(Ancylostomatinae Nicoll,1927)200

维利柏旷口线虫(Agriostomum vryburgi Railliet,1902)201

旷口线虫属(Agriostomum Railliet,1902)201

钩口线虫属(Ancylostoma (Dubini,1843)Creplin,1845)202

十二指肠钩口线虫(Ancylostoma duodenale (Dubini,1843)Creplin.1845)202

巴西钩口线虫(Ancylostoma braziliense de Faria,1910)203

锡兰钩口线虫(Ancylostoma ceylanicum Looss,1911)203

犬钩口线虫(Ancylostoma caninum(Ercolani,1859)Hall,1913)206

貉钩口线虫(Ancylostoma kusimaense Nagayoshi,1955)206

拟十二指肠钩口线虫(Ancylostoma paraduodenale Biocca,1951)207

管形钩口线虫(Ancylostoma tubaeforme (Zeder,1800)Strongylus tubaeforme；Ancylostoma caninum longespiculum)207

板口线虫属(Necator Stiles,1903)207

仰口线虫亚科(Bunostominae Looss,1911)207

美洲板口钩虫(Necator americanus Stiles,1902)208

刚果板口钩虫(Necator congolensis Godoelst,1916)209

细弱板口钩虫(Necator exilidens Looss,1912)210

猪板口钩虫(Necator suillus Ackert and Payne,1922)210

仰口线虫属(Bunostomum Railliet,1902)211

羊仰口线虫(Bunostomum trigonocephalum (Rudolphi,1808)Railliet,1902)212

牛仰口线虫(Bunostomum phlebotomum (Railliet,1900)Lane,1917)214

盖格线虫属(Gaigeria Railliet and Henry,1910)216

厚缘盖格线虫(Gaigeria pachyscelis Railliet et Henry,1910)216

乌利盖格线虫(Gaigeria ullissiponensis Gutteres,1946)217

球首线虫属(Globocephalus Molin,1861)218

长沟球首线虫(Globocephalus longemucronalus Molin,1861)218

尖尾球首线虫(Globocephalus urosubuiatus Alessandrini,1909)218

弯口线虫属(Uncinaria Froelich,1789)218

窄首弯口线虫(Uncinaria stenocephala Railliet,1884)218

海豹弯口线虫(Uncinaria Lucasi Stiles,1901)219

层口线虫属(Bathmostomum Railliet and Henry,1909)220

盛格尔层口线虫(Bathmostomum sangeri (Cobbold,Railliet and Henry,1909))220

纹首线虫属(Grammocephalus Railliet and Henry,1910)221

变异纹首线虫(Grammocephalus varedatus Lane,1921)221

混杂纹首线虫(Grammocephalus hybridatus van der Westhuysen,1938)221

钩虫生活史及钩虫病222

钩虫生活史223

胎盘感染或喂乳感染226

皮肤及内脏的钩虫幼虫迁移症227

人体钩虫病的病理及症状230

钩虫病贫血现象发生的机制231

钩虫病引起的死亡率233

诊断233

治疗233

钩虫流行病学235

人体钩虫的分布236

钩虫病流行的因素240

自然的因素和钩虫病传播的关系241

人类生活习惯及农业耕作方式和钩虫病传播的关系242

矿工与钩虫病的关系245

我国两种人体钩虫种类及分布的问题245

比翼线虫科(Syngamidae Leiper,1912)252

比翼线虫属(Syngamus Siebold,1836)252

寄生于鸟类的比翼线虫种类253

家畜及家禽的比翼线虫病256

鸡气管比翼线虫(Syngamus trachea(Montagu,1811)von Siebold.1836)256

鼻腔比翼线虫(Mammomonogamus nasicola(Linstow,1899)259

咽比翼线虫(Mammomonogamus laryngeus(Railliet,1899)259

哺乳类比翼线虫属(Mammomonogamus Ryzhikov,1948)259

野猫比翼线虫(Mammomonogamus dispar(Diesing,1851)Ryzhikov,1948)260

中耳比翼线虫(Mammomonogamus auris (Faust and Tang,1934)Ryzhikov,1948)260

松鼠比翼线虫(Mammomonogamus citelli(Ryzhikov,1948))262

杯口线虫属(Cyathostoma Blanchard,1849)262

麦高夏比翼线虫(Mammomonogamus mogaugha(Seneviratne,1954)262

气管杯口线虫(Cyathostoma bronchialis (Mühling,1884)Chapin,1925)262

河马比翼线虫(Mammomonogamus hippopotami(Gedoelst,1932)Ryzhikov,1948)262

印度比翼线虫(Mammomonogamus indicus (Monnig,1932)Ryzhikov,1948)262

伊尔比翼线虫(Mammomonogamus ierei(Buckley,1934)Ryzhikov,1948)262

肾线虫科(Stephanuridae Travassos et Vogelsang,1933)265

肾线虫属(Stephanurus Diesing,1839)265

齿肾线虫(Stephanurus dentatus Diesing,1839)265

后圆线虫总科(Metastrongyloidea Lane,1917)271

后圆线虫科(Metastrongylidae Leiper,1908)271

后圆线虫亚科(Metastrongylinae Leiper,1908)272

后圆线虫属(Metastrongylus Molin,1861)272

猪后圆线虫(Metastrongylus apri(Gmelin,1790)Railliet et Henry,1907)272

萨氏后圆线虫(Metastrongylus salmi Gedoelst,1923)278

复阴后圆线虫(Metastrongylus pudendotectus Wostokow,1905)278

猪后圆线虫流行病学279

原圆线虫亚科(Protostrongylinae Kamensky,1905)282

原圆线虫属(Protostrongylus Kamensky,1905)283

红原圆线虫(Protostrongylus rufescens (Leuckart,1865)Kamensky,1905)283

霍氏原圆线虫(Protostrongylus hobmaieri (Schulz,Orloff et Kutass,1933)Cameron,1934)284

柯赫氏原圆线虫(Protostrongylus kochi (Schulz,Orioff et Kutass,1933 Chitwood et Chitwood,1938)286

缪勒线虫属(Muellerius Cameron,1927)287

毛细缪勒线虫(Muellerius capillaris(Müeller,1889)Cameron,1927)287

瑞氏原圆线虫(Protostrongylus raillieti(Schulz,Orloff et Kutass,1933)Cameron,1934)287

网尾线虫亚科(Dictyocaulinae Skrjabin,1933)291

网尾线虫属(Dictyocaulus Railliet et Henry,1907)291

胎生网尾线虫(Dictyocaulus viviparus (Bloch,1782)Railliet et Henry,1907)291

丝状网尾线虫(Dictyocaulus filaria (Rudolphi,1809)Railliet et Henry,1907)298

安氏网尾线虫(Dictyocaulus arnfieldi (Cobbold,1884)Railliet et Henry,1907)300

骆驼网尾线虫(Dictyocaulus cameli Boev,1952)301

鹿网尾线虫(Dictyocaulus eckerti Skrjabin,1931)301

网尾线虫亚科部份重要种类及其分布302

产生神经系统病害的肺线虫类305

似丝线虫亚科(Filaroidinae Skrjabin,1932)305

管圆线虫属(Angiostrongylus Kamensky,1905)306

广州管圆线虫(Angiostrongylus cantonensis Chen,1935)306

脉居管圆线虫(Angiostrongylus vasorum (Railliet,1866))311

猫圆线虫属(Aelurostrongylus Cameron,1927)311

猫肺线虫(Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (Railliet,1898))311

肺圆线虫属(Pneumostrongylus Monnig,1932)312

纤小肺圆线虫(Pneumostrongylus tenuis Dougherty,1945)312

毛圆线虫科(Trichostrongyloidea Leiper,1912)316

毛圆线虫总科(Trichostrongyloidea Cram,1927)316

毛圆线虫亚科(Trichostrongyloidea Leiper,1908)319

毛圆线虫属(Trichostrongylus Looss，1905)319

东方毛圆线虫(Trichostrongylus orientalis Jimbo,1914)319

蛇形毛圆线虫(Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Giles,1892)Ransom,1911)320

艾氏毛圆线虫(Trichostrongylus axei (Cobbold,1879)Railliet and Henry,1909)322

枪形毛圆线虫(Trichostrongylus probolurus(Railliet et Henry,1896)Looss,1905)323

血矛线虫属(Haemonchus Cobbold,1898)323

捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi,1803)Cobbold,1898)324

牛血矛线虫(Haemonchus placei(Place,1893))327

似血矛线虫(Haemonchus similis Travassos,1914)328

白弗血矛线虫(Haemonchus bedfordi Le Roux,1929)329

长柄血矛线虫(Haemonchus longissipes Railliet and Henry,1909)329

驼圆线虫属(Camelostyongylus Orloff,1933)329

雄殖驼圆线虫(Camelostyongylus mentularus(Railliet and Henry,1909)Orloff,1933)330

古柏线虫属(Cooperia Ransom,1907)330

辜氏古柏线虫(Cooperia curticei (Railliet,1893)Ransom,1907)331

叶氏古柏线虫(Cooperia erschovi Wu,1958)332

钩古柏线虫(Cooperia oncophora (Railliet,1898)Ransom,1907)332

等侧肋古柏线虫(Cooperia laterouniformis Chen,1937)333

点状古柏线虫(Cooperia punctata(von Linstow,1907)Ransom,1907)334

奥斯特线虫属(Ostertagia Ransom.1907)334

奥氏奥斯特线虫(Ostertagia ostertagi (Stiles,1892)Ransom.1907)335

普通奥斯特线虫(环纹奥斯特线虫)(Ostertagia(Ostertagia)circumcincta(Stadelmann,1894)Ransom,1907)336

达哈奥斯特线虫(Ostertagia (Ostertagia)dahurica Orloff,Belowa et Gnedina,1931)338

马歇尔线虫属(Marshallagia Orloff,1933)338

马氏马歇尔线虫(Marshallagia marshalli(Ransom,1907)Orloff,1933)339

蒙古马歇尔线虫(Marshallagia mongolica Schumakovitch,1938)340

许氏马歇尔线虫(Marshallagia hsūi Chih et Li,1963)341

细颈线虫属(Nematodirus Ransom,1907)342

细颈线虫亚科(Nematodirinae Skrjabin et Orloff,1934)342

尖交接刺细颈线虫(Nematodirus filicollis (Rudolphi,1802)Ransom,1907)343

微黄细颈线虫(Nematodirus helvetianus May,1920)345

扁刺细颈线虫(Nematodirus spathiger Railliet,1896)345

奥利春细颈线虫(Nematodirus oiratianus Rajewskaja,1929)346

巴塔细颈线虫(Nematodirus ballus Crofton and Thomas,1951)346

异常细颈线虫(Nematodirus abnormalis May,1920)347

长刺似细颈线虫(Nematodirella longispiculata Yorke and Maplestone,1926)348

美洲细颈线虫(Nematodirus rufaevastitatis Durbin et Honess,1951)348

似细颈线虫属(Nematodirella Yorke and Maplestone,1926)348

骆驼似细颈线虫(Nematodirella cameli Rajewskaja and Badinin,1933)349

单峰驼似细颈线虫(Nematodirella dromedarii(May,1920)Douvres and Lucker,1958)349

长刺线虫亚科(Mecistocirrinae Skrjabin et Orloff,1934)349

长刺线虫属(Mecistocirrus Railliet and Henry,1912)349

指形长刺线虫(Mecistocirrus digitatus (von Linstow,1906)Railliet and Henry,1912)350

沃鲁钱虫属(Ollulanus Leuckart,1865)353

三尖尾沃鲁线虫(Ollulanus tricuspis Leuckart,1865)353

沃鲁线虫亚科(Ollulaninae Hall,1916)353

毛圆线虫病的病理及流行病学354

圆线虫类的传播及控制的方法360

毛圆线虫病的预防363

各论四369

旋尾目(Spirurida Chitwood,1933)369

旋尾亚目(Spirurata Railliet,1914)369

旋尾总科(Spiruroidea Railliet et Henry,1915)372

旋尾科(Spiruridae Oerley,1885)372

蝇胃线虫(Habronema muscae (Carter,1861)Diesing,1861)373

胃线虫属(Habronema Diesing,1861)373

小口胃线虫(Habronema microstoma Schmeider,1866)377

德斯线虫属(Draschia Chitwood et Wehr.,1934)377

大口胃线虫(Draschia megastoma Rudolphi,1819)377

四稜线虫科(Tetrameridae Travassos,1914)380

四稜线虫亚科(Tetramerinae Railiet,1915)380

四稜线虫属(Tetrameres Creplin,1846)381

裂棘四稜线虫(Tetrameres fissispinus (Diesing,1861)Travasson,1915)381

美洲四稜线虫(Tetrameres americana Cram,1925)382

克拉四稜线虫(Tetrameres crami Swales,1933)383

华首线虫总科(Acuarioidea Sobolev,1949)384

华首线虫科(Acuariidae Seurat,1913)385

华首线虫亚科(Acuariinae Railliet,Henry and Sisoff,1912)385

唇饰带线虫属(Cheilospirura Diesing,1861)385

扭状唇饰带线虫(Cheilospirura hamulosa Diesing,1851)385

重咽线虫属(Dispharynx Railliet,Henry et Sisoff,1912)387

螺旋重咽线虫(Dispharynx spiralis (Molin,1858))387

泡翼线虫属(Physaloptera Rudolphi,1819)389

泡翼线虫亚科(Physalopterinae Railliet,1893)389

泡翼线虫科(Physalopteridae Leiper,1908)389

泡翼线虫总科(Physalopteroidea Sobolev,1949)389

袖泡翼线虫(Physaloptera praeputialis von Linstow,1889)390

颚口线虫科(Gnathostomatidae (Railliet,1895)emend.Nicoll,1927)392

颚口线虫属(Gnathostoma Owen,1836)393

有棘颚口线虫(Gnathostoma spinigerum Owen,1836)393

刚刺颚口线虫(Gnathostoma hispidum Fedechenko,1872)404

陶氏颚口线虫(Gnathostoma doloresi Tubangui 1925)408

吸吮线虫总科(Thelazioidea Sobolev,1949)413

吸吮线虫属(Thelazia Bosc,1819)414

吸吮线虫亚科(Thelaziinae Baylis et Daubney,1926)414

吸吮线虫科(Thelaziidae Skrjabin,1915)414

结膜吸吮线虫(Thelazia callipaeda Railliet et Henry,1910)415

罗氏吸吮线虫(Thelazia rhodesii Desmaret,1828)423

阿尔夫吸吮线虫(Thelazia alfortensis Railliet and Henry,1910)426

水牛吸吮线虫(Thelazia bubalis Ramanujachari and Alwar,1952)426

里氏吸吮线虫(Thelazia leesei Railliet and Henry,1910)426

叶氏吸吮线虫(Theiazia erschowi Oserskaja,1931)427

泪管吸吮线虫(Theiazia lacrymalis (Gurlt,1831)Railliet and Henry,1910)427

许氏吸吮线虫(Thelazia hsüi Yang and Wei,1957)428

棒吸吮线虫(Thelazia ferulata Wu et al.，1965)428

甘肃吸吮线虫(Thelazia kansuensis Yang and Wei,1957)429

大口吸吮线虫(Thelazia gulosa Railliet and Henry,1910)430

斯氏吸吮线虫(Thelazia skrjabini Erschov,1928)430

加州吸吮线虫(Thelazia californiensis Price,1920)430

次吸吮线虫属(Thelaziella (Travassos,1918)Skrjabin Sobolev and Ivashkin,1967)431

坚尾次吸吮线虫(Thelaziella stereura Rudolphi,1819)434

鹰次吸吮线虫(Thelaziella aquillina Baylis,1934)435

关于吸吮属的亚属问题437

河内次吸吮线虫(Thelaziella tonkinensis Hsu,1935)437

祝氏次吸吮线虫(Thelaziella chui Hsü，1935)437

尖旋尾线虫属(Oxyspirura Drasche and Stossich,1897)440

曼氏尖旋尾线虫(Oxyspirura mansoni (Cobbold,1879)Ransom,1904)440

螺旋尾线虫亚科(Spirocercinae Chitwood et Wehr,1932)442

螺旋尾线虫属(Spirocerca Railliet and Henry,1911)442

狼螺旋尾线虫(Spirocerca lupi (Rud.，1809)Skrjabin,1949)442

若蛔线虫亚科(Ascaropsinae Alicata et McIntosh,1933)445

圆若蛔线虫(Ascarops strongylina (Rudolphi,1819)Alicata and McIntosh,1933)446

若蛔线虫属(Ascarops Van Beneden,1873)446

有齿若蛔线虫(Ascarops dentata Von Linstow,1904)448

泡首线虫属(Physocephalus Diesing,1861)448

六翼泡首线虫(Physocephalus sexalalus Mulin,1860)449

西蒙线虫属(Simondsia Cobbold,1864)451

奇异西蒙线虫(Simondsia paradora Cobbold,1864)451

筒线虫科(Gongylonematidae Sobolev,1949)451

筒线虫亚科(Gongylonematinae (Hall,1916)Emend Nicoll,1927)451

筒线虫属(Gongylonema Molin,1857)451

美丽筒线虫(Gongylonema pulchrum Molin,1857)452

致癌筒线虫(Gongylonema neoplasticum(Fibiger and Ditlevsen,1914)457

莫尼氏筒线虫(Gongylonema moennigi Baylis,1926)458

鸡筒线虫(嗉囊筒线虫)(Gongylonema ingluvicola Ransom,1904)458

多疣筒线虫(Gongylonema verrucosum(Giles,1892)Neumann,1894)458

克拉筒线虫(Gongylonema crami Smit,1927)459

苏门筒线虫(Gongylonema sumani Bhalero,1933)459

高加索筒线虫(Gongylonema caucasicum Kuraschwili,1941)459

刚果筒线虫(Gongylonema congolense Fain,1955)459

奇口线虫亚科(Rictulariinae Hall,1913)460

奇口线虫属(Rictulariinae Froelich,1802)460

奇口线虫科(Rictulariidae Railliet,1916)460

卡奇拉奇口线虫(Rictularia cahirensis Jagerskiold,1909)461

驼形线虫亚目(Camallanata Chitwood,1936)461

龙线虫总科(Dracunculoidea Cameron,1934)464

龙线虫科(Dracunculidae Leiper,1912)464

龙线虫亚科(Dracunculinae Stiles,1907)464

麦地那龙线虫(Dracunculus medinensis (Lin.，1758)Gallandont,1773)465

在哺乳动物寄生的其他龙线虫475

丝虫亚目(Filarizta Skrjabin,1915)478

班氏吴策丝虫(Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold,1877))488

吴策丝虫属(Wuchereria Silva Araujo,1877))488

蟠尾丝虫科(Onchocercidae (Leiper,1911,Sub,Fam.)Chabaud et Anderson,1959)488

双瓣丝虫亚科(Dipetalonematinae Wehr,1935)488

成虫形态490

丝虫微丝蚴的周期性492

班氏丝虫在蚊虫体内的发育494

丝虫病的病理及症状497

丝虫病的免疫和网状内皮系统的作用502

流行病学504

班氏丝虫的媒介蚊种505

丝虫病的诊断509

丝虫病的防治原则510

丝虫病的治疗510

吴策丝虫属的一些其他种类511

路易吴策丝虫(Wuchereria lewisi Schacher,1969)511

加里曼丹吴策丝虫(Wuchereria kalimantani Palmieri et al.，1978)511

布鲁丝虫属(Brugia Buckley,1960)512

马来布鲁丝虫(Brugia malayi(Brug,1927)Buckley,1960)513

成虫形态513

微丝蚴514

马来丝虫微丝蚴的周期性519

马来丝虫的媒介蚊种521

马来丝虫的动物宿主524

马来丝虫病的症状526

我国两种丝虫病的分布527

班氏丝虫病病区528

马来丝虫病病区530

两种丝虫病在东南亚及太平洋的分布533

印度尼西亚的丝虫病538

马来西亚的丝虫病539

加里曼丹岛的丝虫病539

泰国的丝虫病543

印度的丝虫病543

有周期性和无周期性二种班氏吴策丝虫的分布及媒介蚊种问题546

布鲁属(Brugia)其他丝虫种类556

彭亨布鲁丝虫(Brugia pahangi(Buckley and Edeson,1956)Buckley,1958)556

柏地布鲁丝虫(Brugia patei (Buckley,Nelson and Heisch,1958)Buckley,1958)557

帝汶布鲁丝虫(Brugia timori (Partono et al.，1977))558

斯里兰卡布鲁丝虫(Brugia ceylanensis Jeyewardene,1962)560

毕氏布鲁丝虫(Brugia beaveri Ash and Little,1964)561

奎亚那布鲁丝虫(Brugia guyanensis Orithel,1964)562

双瓣丝虫属(Dipetalonema Diesing,1861)562

隐存双瓣丝虫(Dipetalonema reconditum Grassi,1889)563

傅氏双瓣丝虫(Dipetalonema ？austi Esslinger,1966)565

常现双瓣丝虫(Dipetalonema perstans Manson,1891)567

似龙线双瓣丝虫(Dipetalonema dracunculoides(Cobbald,1870))567

肺部丝虫属(Deraiophoronema Romanovitch,1916)567

奥氏曼森丝虫(Mansonella ozzardi(Manson,1897)Faust,1929)568

曼森丝虫属(Mansonella Faust,1929)568

骆驼肺部丝虫(Deraiophoronema evansi(Lewis,1882)Chabaud and Choquet,1953)568

锯刺丝虫属(Serratospiculum Skrjabin,1915)569

胸锯刺丝虫(Serratospiculum thoracis Tubangui 1934)569

恶丝虫亚科(Dirofilariinae Wehr,1935)571

恶丝虫属(Dirofilaria Railliet and Henry,1911)571

犬恶丝虫(Dirofilaria immilf(Leidy,1856)Railliet and Henry,1911)571

爬行恶丝虫(Dirofilaria repens Railliet and Henry,1911)576

纤小恶丝虫(Dirofilaria tenuis Chandler,1942)578

恶丝虫属虫种区别580

罗阿丝虫属(Loa Stiles,1905)583

罗阿罗阿丝虫(Loa loa(Guyot,1778)Castellani and Chalmers,1913)584

蟠尾丝虫亚科(Onchocercinae Leiper,1911)588

蟠尾丝虫属(Onchocevca Diesing,1841)589

卷曲蟠尾丝丝虫(Onchocerca volvulus(Leukart,1893)Rajllier and Henry,1910)589

颈蟠尾丝虫(Onchocerca cervicalis Railliet et Henry,1910)595

网状蟠尾丝虫(Onchocerca reticulata Diesing,1841)597

脾蟠尾丝虫(Onchocerca lienalis (Stiles,1892)Railliet and Henry,1910)599

臂蟠尾丝虫(Onchocerca armillata Railliet and Henry,1909)600

马血管丝虫(Elaeophora bohmi Supperer,1953)602

血管丝虫属(Elaeophora Railliet and Henry,1912)602

牛血管丝虫(Elaeophora poesi Vryburg,1897)603

羊血管丝虫(Elaeophora schneideri Wehr and Dikmans,1935)603

华尾丝虫属(Chinesocerca Skrjabin et Schikhobalova,1937)605

竹鸡华尾丝虫(Chinesocerca bambusicolae(Hsi-Chieh Li,1933)Skrj.et Schik.，1937)605

灿丝虫亚科(Splendidofilariinae Chabaud et Choquet,1953)606

浆膜丝虫属(Serofilaria Wu et Yun,1979)606

猪浆膜丝虫(Serofilaria suis Wu et Yun,1979)606

灿丝虫属(Splendidofilaria Skrjabin,1923)607

鸭灿丝虫(Splendidofilaria fallisensis (Anderson,1954)608

尼列心脏丝虫(Cardiofilaria miesi Dissanaide and Fernando,1965)610

心脏丝虫属(Cardiofilaria Strom,1937)610

双三齿线虫科(Diplotriaenidae Anderson,1958)611

双三齿线虫亚科(Diplotriaeninae Skrjabin,1916)611

双三齿线虫属(Diplotriaena Railliet et Henry,1909)611

双三齿线虫属的一些种类611

尾无肛线虫(Aprocta caudata Machado de Mendonca,1961)614

莫温鸡丝虫(Gallifilaria mhowensis Jain,Alwar，Awadhiya and Pandit,1965)614

鸡丝虫属(Gallifilaria Jain,Alwar,Awadhiya and Pandit .1965)614

无肛丝虫属(Aprocta Einstow,1883)614

丝虫亚科(Filariinae Stiles,1907)614

丝虫科(Filariidae Cobbold,1864)614

白氏丝虫属(Bhalfilaria Bhalerao and Rao,1944)615

巴丹白氏丝虫(Bhalfilaria badamii Bhalerao and Rao,1944)615

付丝虫属(Parafilaria Yorde and Maplestone,1926)615

多乳突付丝虫(Parafilaria multipapillosa Condamine and Drouilly,1878)615

牛付丝虫(Parafilaria bovicola Tubangui,1934)618

象印度丝虫(Indofilaria pattabiramani Alwar,Seueviratna and Gopal,1959)619

印度丝虫属(Indofilaria Alwar,Seneviratna and Gopal,1959)619

猪丝虫属(Suifilaria Ortlepp,1937)620

猪丝虫(Suifialria suis Ortlepp,1937)620

冠丝虫科(Stephanofilariidae Wehr,1935)620

冠丝虫亚科(Stephanofilariinae Skrjabin et Schikhobalova,1945)621

冠丝虫属(Stephanofilaria Ihle and Ihle-Landenberg,1933)621

斯泰尔冠丝虫(Stephanofilaria stilesi Chitwood,1934)621

纪氏冠丝虫(Stephanofilaria kaeli Euckley,1937)624

腹腔丝虫亚科(Setariinae Yorke and Maplestone,1926)625

腹腔丝虫属(Setaria Viborg,1795)625

水牛密冠丝虫(Stephanofilaria dedoest Ihle and Ihle-Landenberg,1933)625

查希耳冠丝虫(Stephanofilaria zaheeri Singh,1958)625

阿萨密冠丝虫(Stephanofilaria assamensis Pande,1936)625

马腹腔丝虫(Setaria equina (Abildg,1785))626

指状腹腔丝虫(Setaria digitata Linstow,1906)627

人体、家畜及野生动物各种丝虫病比较表630

丝虫类的系统发生633

在各脊椎动物寄生的丝虫种类情况633

寄生两栖类的丝虫633

寄生爬行类的丝虫634

寄生鸟类的丝虫635

寄生哺乳类的丝虫635

寄生于哺乳动物各目的丝虫属637

哺乳类动物宿主分布、演化及与丝虫的关系情况638

从丝虫类的发育史探讨其演化的迹象640

人体丝虫病防治问题643

各论五646

鞭虫目(Trichurida Yamaguti,1961.Emend.)646

鞭虫科(Trichuridae Railliet,1915)648

鞭虫亚科(Trichurinae Ransom,1911)649

鞭虫属(Trichuris Roederer,1761)649

人鞭虫(Trichuris trichiura Linnaeus,1771)649

猪鞭虫(Trichuris surs Schrank,1788)656

羊鞭虫(Trichuris ovis Abilgaard,1795)658

球形鞭虫(Trichuris globulosa Linstow,1901)659

纤小鞭虫(Trichuris tenuis Chandler,1930)659

犬鞭虫(Trichuris vulpis Froelich,1789)660

旋毛虫(Trichinella spiralis Owen,1835)662

毛形线虫属(Trichinella Railliet,1895)662

毛形线虫科(Trichinellidae Ward,1907)662

成虫形态664

发育664

病理及症状668

旋毛虫的种株669

流行病学670

旋毛虫病的自然疫源673

免疫反应诊断675

膨结线虫科(Dioctophymidae Railliet,1915)678

膨结线虫亚科(Dioctophyminae Skrjabin et Schikhobalova,1954)678

各论六678

膨结线虫目(Dioctophymida Yamaguti,1961,emend.)678

膨结线虫属(Dioctophyma Collet-Meygret,1802)679

肾膨结线虫(Dioctophyma renale (Goeze,1782)Stiles,1901)679

索氏膨结线虫科(Soboliphymidae Petrow,1930)685

索氏膨结线虫属(Soboliphyme Petrow,1930)685

线虫索引687

终末宿主、辅加宿主及中间宿主与其寄生线虫的索引727