《大学英语写作教程 上 Vol.I From sentence to paragraph》

Preface1

Part One Sentence Skills2

1 Sentence Fragments2

Ineffective Sentence Fragments2

Legitimate Sentence Fragments8

2 Run-on Sentences13

3 Misplaced and Dangling Modiffiers22

Misplaced Modifiers22

Dangling Modifiers28

4 Pronoun Reference38

Ambiguous Reference38

Weak Reference40

Broad Reference42

5 Parallelism47

Value of Parallelism50

Techniques Used in Gaining Parallelism53

Avoidance of Faulty Parallelism58

6 Unnecessary Shifts62

Unnecessary Shifts in Voice or Subject62

Unnecessary Shifts in Tense65

Unnecessary Shifts in Mood67

Unnecessary Shifts in Person or Number68

Unnecessary Shifts in Discourse70

7 Sentence Emphasis73

Considering the Order of Words as a Means of Achieving Emphasis73

Using the Voice that Is Most Emphatic and Appropriate77

Putting Statements in Positive Form78

Repeating Words，Structures，or Ideas for Occasional Emphasis80

Omitting Unimportant Words81

Making Use of Special Emphatic Sentence Patterns81

Using Mechanical Devices for Emphasis82

8 Sentence Variety86

Varying the Beginning of Sentences86

Varying the Kinds of Sentences89

Varying the Length of Sentences95

9 Coordination100

Coordinating Conjunctions102

Patterns of Coordination105

Conjunctions and the Accompanying Punctuation in Compound Sentences109

Avoidance of Excessive Coordination111

10 Subordination116

Subordination to Show the Emphasis of the Main Statement116

Subordination to Avoid Choppy Sentences and to Break up Lengthy Compound Sentences118

Ways of Subordination121

Avoidance of Inverted Subordination124

Avoidance of Excessive Overlapping of Subordinate Constructions125

Avoidance of Expressive Subordination126

Part Two Writing Paragraphs131

11 Internal Structure of a Paragraph131

Unity131

Coherence171

Completeness189

12 Developing the Paragraph195

Logical Reasoning in the Paragraph195

Sequences of Paragraph Development208

Methods of Paragraph Development219

Special Kinds of Paragraphs242

13 Diction258

Using Exact Words260

Using Words Economically278

Using Fresh Words293

Overcoming Chinglish301

Using Figurative Language308

Using an Appropriate Level of Diction315

Appendixes322

Ⅰ Words Similar in Sound or Form322

Ⅱ Punctuation325

Ⅲ Answers to the Exercises351

Bibliography381