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BOOK Ⅰ．OF LAWS IN GENERAL1

1．Of the Relation of Laws to Different Beings1

2．Of the Laws of Nature4

3．Of Positive Laws5

BOOK Ⅱ．OF LAWS DIRECTLY DERIVED FROM THE NATURE OF GOVERNMENT9

1．Of the Nature of the Three Different Governments9

2．Of the Republican Government,and the Laws in Relation to Democracy9

3．Of the Laws in Relation to the Nature of Aristocracy15

4．Of the Relation of Laws to the Nature of Monarchical Government18

5．Of the Laws in Relation to the Nature of a Despotic Government20

BOOK Ⅲ．OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE THREE KINDS OF GOVERNMENT22

1．Difference Between the Nature and Principle of Government22

2．Of the Principle of Different Governments22

3．Of the Principle of Democracy23

4．Of the Principle of Aristocracy25

5．That Virtue Is Not the Principle of a Monarchical Government26

6．In What Manner Virtue Is Supplied in a Monarchical Government28

7．Of the Principle of Monarchy28

8．That Honor Is Not the Principle of Despotic Government29

9．Of the Principle of Despotic Government30

10．Difference of Obedience in Moderate and Despotic Governments31

11．Reflections on the Preceding Chapters33

BOOK Ⅳ．THAT THE LAWS GIVEN BY THE LEGISLATOR OUGHT TO BE IN RELATION TO THE PRINCIPLE OF GOVERNMENT34

1．Idea of This Book34

2．What Is Meant by a Love of the Republic in a Democracy34

3．In What Manner the Laws Establish Equality in a Democracy35

4．In What Manner the Laws Ought to Maintain Frugality in a Democracy36

5．Other Methods of Favoring the Principle of Democracy37

6．In What Manner the Laws Should Relate to the Principle of Government in an Aristocracy39

7．In What Manner the Laws Are in Relation to Their Principle in Monarchies40

8．Of the Excellence of a Monarchical Government40

9．The Same Subject Continued42

10．An Idea of Despotic Power42

11．In What Manner the Laws Are in Relation to the Principles of Despotic Government42

BOOK Ⅴ．OF THE CORRUPTION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE THREE GOVERNMENTS46

1．General Idea of This Book46

2．Of the Corruption of the Principles of Democracy46

3．Of the Spirit of Extreme Equality48

4．Particular Cause of the Corruption of the People49

5．Of the Corruption of the Principle of Aristocracy49

6．Of the Corruption of the Principle of Monarchy50

7．The Same Subject Continued51

8．Danger of the Corruption of the Principle of Monarchical Government52

9．Of the Corruption of the Principle of Despotic Government53

10．Natural Effects of the Goodness and Corruption of the Principles of Government53

11．Sure Methods of Preserving the Three Principles53

12．Distinctive Properties of a Republic53

13．Distinctive Properties of a Monarchy55

14．Distinctive Properties of a Despotic Government55

15．Consequence of the Preceding Chapters56

BOOK Ⅵ．OF LAWS IN THE RELATION THEY BEAR TO A DEFENSIVE FORCE57

1．In What Manner Republics Provide for Their Safety57

2．That a Confederate Government Ought to Be Composed of States of the Same Nature,Especially of the Republican Kind59

3．In What Manner Despotic Governments Provide for Their Security59

4．In What Manner a Monarchical Government Provides for Its Security60

5．Of the Defensive Force of States in General60

BOOK Ⅶ．OF THE LAWS WHICH ESTABLISH POLITICAL LIBERTY WITH REGARD TO THE CONSTITUTION62

1．A General Idea62

2．Different Significations of the Word"Liberty"62

3．In What Liberty Consists63

4．The Same Subject Continued63

5．Of the End or View of Different Governments64

6．Of the Constitution of England64

BOOK Ⅷ．OF THE LAWS THAT FORM POLITICAL LIBERTY,IN RELATION TO THE SUBJECT79

1．Idea of This Book79

2．Of the Liberty of the Subject80

3．The Same Subject Continued80

4．That Liberty Is Favored by the Nature and Proportion of Punishments80

5．Of Laws Favorable to the Liberty of the Subject in a Republic83

6．Of Things that Strike at Liberty in Monarchies84

7．Of the Civil Laws Proper for Mixing Some Portion of Liberty in a Despotic Government84

BooK Ⅸ．OF LAWS IN RELATION TO THE PRINCIPLES WHICH FORM THE GENERAL SPIRIT,THE MORALS AND CUSTOMS OF A NATION86

1．How the Laws Contribute to Form the Manners,Customs,and Character of a Nation86

BooK Ⅹ．OF THE MANNER OF COMPOSING LAWS97

1．Of the Spirit of a Legislator97

2．Things to Be Observed in the Composing of Laws97