《医学与生物学用物理学 英文本》

PREFACE1

INTRODUCTION3

CHAPTER 1 THE ROTATION OF RIGID BODIES6

1.1 Vectors—Scalar Product and Vector Product6

1.2 Torque11

1.3 Angular Variables16

1.4 Newton's Laws for Rotational Motion19

1.5 Kinetic Energy of Rotational Motion24

1.6 Angular Momentum and Angular Impulse26

1.7 Conservation of Angular Momentum28

Problems31

CHAPTER 2 ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS34

2.1 Stress and Strain34

2.2 Modulus of Elasticity40

2.3 Flexion and Torsion45

Problems51

CHAPTER 3 THE MOTION OF FLUIDS53

3.1 Steady Flow of Ideal Fluid53

3.2 Bernoulli's Equation56

3.3 Applications of Bernoulli's Equation60

3.4 Viscous Fluid Flow67

3.5 Blood Flow79

Problems82

CHAPTER 4 PHENOMENA ON LIQUID SURFACES85

4.1 Surface Energy and Surface Tension85

4.2 The Additional Pressure of a Curved Surface of Liquid90

4.3 Capillary Action95

4.4 Surfactant.Adsorption101

Problems104

CHAPTER 5 VIBRATIONAL MOTION AND WAVES106

5.1 Simple Harmonic Motion106

5.2 Damped Vibration,Forced Vibration and Resonance115

5.3 The Combinations of Simple Harmonic Motions119

5.4 The Effects of Vibration on Humans124

5.5 Equation of Wave Motion126

5.6 Energy in Waves,Intensity131

5.7 Huygens' Principle134

5.8 Superposition of Waves139

Problems145

CHAPTER 6 SOUND150

6.1 Sound Wave150

6.2 Intensity and Intensity Level155

6.3 Doppler Effect161

6.4 Ultrasound and Its Applications in Medicine165

Problems175

CHAPTER 7 MOLECULAR PHYSICS178

7.1 Molecular Theory of Matter,Ideal Gas Law178

7.2 Pressure and Energy Formula of An Ideal Gas181

7.3 The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law187

7.4 Transport Phenomena192

7.5 Liquid Crystal and Its Applications in Medicine201

Problems206

CHAPTER 8 THERMODYNAMICS209

8.1 Thermodynamic System209

8.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics212

8.3 Thermodynamic Processes215

8.4 Heat Capacities and Adiabatic Process of An Ideal Gas217

8.5 Human Metabolism222

8.6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics225

8.7 Entropy228

8.8 Life Process and Second Law233

Problems235

CHAPTER 9 STATIC ELECTRIC FIELD239

9.1 The Electric Field239

9.2 Gauss's Law245

9.3 Potential250

9.4 Capacitance258

9.5 Dielectrics261

9.6 Membrane Potential and Charge Distribution in a Nerve Cell265

9.7 Dipole Moment of the Heart as a Function of Time270

9.8 The Electrocardiogram275

Problems277

CHAPTER 10 EIECTRIC CURRENT281

10.1 Electric Current Intensity and Electric Current Density281

10.2 Ohm's Law,Conductivity,Energy Dissipation284

10.3 Electromotive Force287

10.4 Calculation of Circuits290

10.5 Kirchhoff's Laws293

10.6 Circuits Contaning Resistance and Capacitance296

10.7 Leakage Current Across the Cell Membrane299

10.8 Electrophoresis and Electroosmosis302

10.9 The Effects of Direct Current on the Human Body305

Problems309

CHAPTER 11 ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA312

11.1 Magnetic Fields312

11.2 The Motion of a Charged Particle in Magnetic Field320

11.3 The Magnetic Force on a Current Carrying Wire325

11.4 Magnetic Substance331

11.5 The Application of Magnetism in Biology339

11.6 Electromagnetic Induced Phenomena344

11.7 Electromagnetic Waves351

Problems360

CHAPTER 12 THE DETECTION OF BIOLOGICAL SIGNAL363

12.1 Composition of Detecting System363

12.2 Bioelectric Signals365

12.3 Electrode and Transducer371

12.4 The Amplification and Processing of Signal383

12.5 The Display and Record of Signal393

12.6 Electrical Safety396

Problems399

CHAPTER 13 WAVE PROPERTIES OF LIGHT402

13.1 Interference of Light402

13.2 Diffraction of Light409

13.3 Polarization of Light421

13.4 Birefringence(Double Refraction)431

13.5 Circular and Elliptical Polarization434

13.6 Optical Activity437

Problems440

CHAPTER 14 GEOMETRICAL OPTICS443

14.1 Refraction at a Spherical Surface443

14.2 The Thin Lens445

14.3 The Thick Lens449

14.4 Lens Aberrations451

14.5 The Eye454

14.6 Defects of Vision458

14.7 Microscope461

14.8 The Resolving Power of Microscope464

14.9 Polarizing Microscopes Phase Contrast Microscopes and Fiberscopes467

Problems472

CHAPTER 15 RADIATION,PHOTON AND MATTER WAVE475

15.1 Thermal Radiation475

15.2 Infrared and Ultraviolet Radiation481

15.3 Luminescence485

15.4 Photometry488

15.5 The Absorption of Light492

15.6 The Photon495

15.7 Matter Wave501

Problems505

CHAPTER 16 ATOMS,MOLECULES,AND SPECTRA507

16.1 The Bohr Atom507

16.2 The Outline of Quantum Mechanics513

16.3 Hydrogen Atom Wave Function520

16.4 The Exclusion Principle and Atomic Structure523

16.5 Atomic Energy Level and Atomic Spectra528

16.6 Molecular Energy Level and Molecular Spectra531

16.7 The Laser536

Problems541

CHAPTER 17 X-RAYS543

17.1 Equipment Generating X-Rays543

17.2 X-ray Spectra546

17.3 The Intensity and Hardness of X-ray550

17.4 X-ray Diffraction and the Structure of Biological Molecules552

17.5 Interaction of X-ray with Matter556

17.6 The Absorption of X-ray559

17.7 The Applications of X-ray in Medicine562

Problems568

CHAPTER 18 NUCLEAR PHYSICS570

18.1 Nuclear Structure570

18.2 Nuclear Decay576

18.3 The Rules of Nuclear Decay581

18.4 The Interaction of Radiation with Matter588

18.5 Radiation Dose594

18.6 Radiation Detection and Measurement599

18.7 Radiation in Medicine603

18.8 Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging607

Problems618

APPENDIX A620

APPENDIX B622

APPENDIX C624

APPENDIX D625

APPENDIX E629