《Radioisotopes in Biology and Agriculture Principles and Practice》求取 ⇩

Chapter 1．Principles of Tracer Methodology1

DIRECT MOVEMENT OF ORGANISMS,ELEMENTS,AND COMPOUNDS3

GROSS RATES OF MOVEMENT5

SOME QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS6

Concept of Specific Activity7

Determination of Ion Movement under Conditions of No Net Mass Transfer7

A Substitute for Difficult Chemical Analysis8

Isotope Dilution10

The Kinetic Approach18

METABOLIC PATHWAYS40

Biosynthesis44

ADVANTAGES OF DOUBLE LABELING44

MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS47

Bioassays47

Steric Relations and Enzyme Action48

Radiocarbon Dating49

Criteria for Blood Preservation50

Study of Rooting Patterns50

Chapter 2．Basic Difficulties in Tracer Methodology59

CHEMICAL EFFECTS59

RADIOCHEMICAL PURITY61

Extraneous Elements61

Chemical State61

Radiocolloids62

Parent-Daughter Relationships63

Detection of Radioactive Impurities64

Removal or Elimination of Radioactive Impurities65

RADIATION EFFECTS66

EXCHANGE REACTIONS71

ISOTOPE EFFECTS76

Chapter 3．Health Physics and Radiation Protection83

Nomenclature and Units84

External Hazards89

Internal Hazards96

Decontamination99

Waste Disposal101

Instrumentation for Radiation Protection105

SUMMARY AND SUGGESTED WORKING RULES107

Chapter 4．Facilities and Handling of Radioisotopes with Animals and Plants114

LABORATORY DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT114

General Features114

Typical Floor Plans115

Specifications118

Hoods121

Isotope Storage123

Laboratory Equipment125

PROCEDURES WITH ANIMALS126

The Small-animal Colony126

Metabolism and Collection Methods for Farm Animals132

Administration of Radioisotopes to Animals139

Collection of Blood Samples147

PROCEDURES WITH PLANTS AND SOILS148

Closed System for C14 Studies148

Plant Injection150

Miscellaneous Methods with Plants152

Soil,Plant,and Fertilizer Methods152

Chapter 5．General Procedures for Radioassay158

PRETREATMENT OF SAMPLES159

Collection159

Weighing and Drying159

Ashing160

Preparation of Sample for Counting167

SOME CONSIDERATIONS IN COUNTING PROCEDURES172

Statistical Evaluation of Counting Errors172

Comparison of Counter Sensitivities174

Instrumental Counting Losses175

Calibration Curves and Standards176

Self-absorption of Beta Particles177

INSTRUMENTATION AND METHODS183

The Scaling Unit184

Soft-beta Counting186

Hard-beta Counting187

Gamma Counting188

Assay of Radioisotope Mixtures189

In Vivo Measurements192

EXPRESSION OF DATA195

Chapter 6．Properties and Procedures for Individual Radioisotopes201

Chapter 7．Autoradiography324

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS325

Laboratory Requirements325

Photographic Emulsions325

Properties of the Radioisotope327

Dosage of Isotope and Exposure Time327

Handling of Tissues328

SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES332

Simple Apposition332

Mounting Method335

Coating Method336

Stripping-film Method338

APPLICATIONS340

Chemical340

Anatomical Relationships342

Metabolic345

Quantitative Aspects353

INTERPRETATION355

Chapter 8．Paper Chromatography360

GENERAL METHODS362

Chromatograph Chamber362

Filter Paper366

Application of Sample367

Solvents367

Detection of Spots368

Quantitative Aspects373

Use of an Electrical Field373

ORGANIC SEPARATIONS375

INORGANIC SEPARATIONS375

APPLICATIONS375

Chapter 9．Ion Exchange387

GENERAL METHODS388

Cation Exchangers388

Anion Exchangers388

GENERAL TECHNIQUES388

Apparatus391

Procedures393

PHYSICAL BASIS OF SEPARATION394

Ions of Opposite Charge394

Ions from Nonelectrolytes395

Substances of Different Aeidic or Basic Strength395

Ions of Different Size398

Conversion of Non-electrolytes to Ions by Complex Formation398

TYPES OF APPLICATIONS398

Removal of Impurities or Interfering Substances400

Concentration of Trace Constituents400

Separation of Materials402

Estimation of Total Salt Concentration404

Properties of Complex Ions406

Miscellaneous Applications407

Chapter 10．Radioactivation Analysis413

PRINCIPLES414

SENSITIVITY415

SOURCES OF RADIATION416

PROCEDURES419

BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS420

Arsenic420

Sodium and Potassium421

Gold422

Cobalt423

Strontium423

Rare Earths424

MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS425

Glossary of Selected Terms in Nuclear Science427

Availability of U．S．Atomic Energy Commission Reports444

Summary of Available Radioisotope Preparations446

Name Index453

Subject Index465