《FIELD AND WAVE ELECTROMAGNETICS SECOND EDITION》

1The Meebromagnetic Model1

1-1Introduction1

1-2 The Electromagnetic Model3

1-3 SI Units and Universal Constants8

Review Questions10

2Vector Analysis11

2-1Introduction11

2-2 Vector Addition and Subtraction12

2-3Products of Vectors14

2-3.1 Scalar or Dot Product14

2-3.2 Vector or Cross Product16

2-3.3 Product of Three Vectors18

2-4Orthogonal Coordinate Systems20

2-4.1 Cartesian Coordinates23

2-4.2 Cylindrical Coordinates27

2-4.3 Spherical Coordinates31

2-5 Integrals Containing Vector Functions37

2-6 Gradient of a Scalar Field42

2-7 Divergence of a Vector Field46

2-8 Divergence Theorem50

2-9 Curl of a Vector Field54

2-10 Stokes’s Theorem58

2-11Two Null Identities61

2-11.1 Identity Ⅰ61

2-11.2 Identity Ⅱ62

2-12 Helmholtz’s Theorem63

Review Questions66

Problems67

3Static Electric Fields72

3-1Introduction72

3-2 Fundamental Postulates of Electrostatics in Free Space74

3-3Coulomb’s Law77

3-3.1 Electric Field Due to a System of Discrete Charges82

3-3.2 Electric Field Due to a Continuous Distribution of Charge84

3-4 Gauss’s Law and Applications87

3-5Electric Potential92

3-5.1 Electric Potential Due to a Charge Distribution94

3-6 Conductors in Static Electric Field100

3-7Dielectrics in Static Electric Field105

3-7.1 Equivalent Charge Distributions of Polarized Dielectrics106

3-8Electric Flux Density and Dielectric Constant109

3-8.1 Dielectric Strength114

3-9 Boundary Conditions for Electrostatic Fields116

3-10Capacitance and Capacitors121

3-10.1 Series and Parallel Connections of Capacitors126

3-10.2 Capacitances in Multiconductor Systems129

3-10.3 Electrostatic Shielding132

3-11Electrostatic Energy and Forces133

3-11.1 Electrostatic Energy in Terms of Field Quantities137

3-11.2 Electrostatic Forces140

Review Questions143

Problems145

4Solution of Electrostatic Problems152

4-1 Introduction152

4-2 Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations152

4-3 Uniqueness of Electrostatic Solutions157

4-4Method of Images159

4-4.1 Point Charge and Conducting Planes161

4-4.2 Line Charge and Parallel Conducting Cylinder162

4-4.3 Point Charge and Conducting Sphere170

4-4.4 Charged Sphere and Grounded Plane172

4-5 Boundary-Value Problems in Cartesian Coordinates174

4-6 Boundary-Value Problems in Cylindrical Coordinates183

4-7 Boundary-Value Problems in Spherical Coordinates188

Review Questions192

Problems193

5Steady Electric Currents198

5-1Introduction198

5-2 Current Density and Ohm’s Law199

5-3 Electromotive Force and Kirchhofl’s Voltage Law205

5-4 Equation of Continuity and Kirchhofl’s Current Law208

5-5 Power Dissipation and Joule’s Law210

5-6 Boundary Conditions for Current Density211

5-7 Resistance Calculations215

Review Questions219

Problems220

6Static Magnetic Fields225

6-1 Introduction225

6-2 Fundamental Postulates of Magnetostatics in Free Space226

6-3 Vector Magnetic Potential232

6-4 The Biot-Savart Law and Applications234

6-5The Magnetic Dipole239

6-5.1 Scalar Magnetic Potential242

6-6Magnetization and Equivalent Current Densities243

6-6.1 Equivalent Magnetization Charge Densities247

6-7 Magnetic Field Intensity and Relative Permeability249

6-8 Magnetic Circuits251

6-9 Behavior of Magnetic Materials257

6-10 Boundary Conditions for Magnetostatic Fields262

6-11 Inductances and Inductors266

6-12Magnetic Energy277

6-12.1 Magnetic Energy in Terms of Field Quantities279

6-13Magnetic Forces and Torques281

6-13.1 Hall Effect282

6-13.2 Forces and Torques on Current-Carrying Conductors283

6-13.3 Forces and Torques in Terms of StoredMagnetic Energy289

6-13.4 Forces and Torques in Terms of Mutual Inductance292

Review Questions294

Problems296

7Timne-Varying Fields and Maxwell’s Equations307

7-1Introduction307

7-2Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction308

7-2.1 A Stationary Circuit in a Time-Varying Magnetic Field309

7-2.2 Transformers310

7-2.3 A Moving Conductor in a Static Magnetic Field314

7-2.4 A Moving Circuit in a Time-Varying Magnetic Field317

7-3Maxwell’s Equations321

7-3.1 Integral Form of Maxwell’s Equations323

7-4 Potential Functions326

7-5Electromagnetic Boundary Conditions329

7-5.1 Interface between Two Lossless Linear Media330

7-5.2 Interface between a Dielectric and aPerfect Conductor331

7-6Wave Equations and Their Solutions332

7-6.1 Solution of Wave Equations for Potentials333

7-6.2 Source-Free Wave Equations334

7-7Time-Harmonic Fields335

7-7.1 The Use of Phasors—A Review336

7-7.2 Time-Harmonic Electromagnetics338

7-7.3 Source-Free Fields in Simple Media340

7-7.4 The Electromagnetic Spectrum343

Review Questions346

Problems347

8Plane Electromagnetic Waves354

8-1 Introduction354

8-2Plane Waves in Lossless Media355

8-2.1 Doppler Eflect360

8-2.2 Transverse Electromagnetic Waves361

8-2.3 Polarization of Plane Waves364

8-3Plane Waves in Lossy Media367

8-3.1 Low-Loss Dielectrics368

8-3.2 Good Conductors369

8-3.3 Ionized Gases373

8-4 Group Velocity375

8-5Flow of Electromagnetic Power and the Poynting Vector379

8-5.1 Instantaneous and Average Power Densities382

8-6 Normal Incidence at a Plane Conducting Boundary386

8-7Oblique Incidence at a Plane Conducting Boundary390

8-7.1 Perpendicular Polarization390

8-7.2 Parallel Polarization395

8-8 Normal Incidence at a Plane Dielectric Boundary397

8-9Normal Incidence at Multiple Dielectric Interfaces401

8-9.1 Wave Impedance of the Total Field403

8-9.2 Impedance Transformation with Multiple Dielectrics404

8-10Oblique Incidence at a Plane Dielectric Boundary406

8-10.1 Total Reflection408

8-10.2 Perpendicular Polarization411

8-10.3 Parallel Polarization414

Review Questions417

Problems419

9Theory and Applications of Transmission Lines427

9-1 Introduction427

9-2Transverse Electromagnetic Wave along a Parallel-Plate Transmission Line429

9-2.1 Lossy Parallel-Plate Transmission Lines433

9-2.2 Microstrip Lines435

9-3General Transmission-Line Equations437

9-3.1 Wave Characteristics on an Infinite Transmission Line439

9-3.2 Transmission-Line Parameters444

9-3.3 Attenuation Constant from Power Relations447

9-4Wave Characteristics on Finite Transmission Lines449

9-4.1 Transmission Lines as Circuit Elements454

9-4.2 Lines with Resistive Termination460

9-4.3 Lines with Arbitrary Termination465

9-4.4 Transmission-Line Circuits467

9-5Transients on Transmission Lines471

9-5.1 Reflection Diagrams474

9-5.2 Pulse Excitation478

9-5.3 Initially Charged Line480

9-5.4 Line with Reactive Load482

9-6The Smith Chart485

9-6.1 Smith-Chart Calculations for Lossy Lines495

9-7Transmission-Line Impedance Matching497

9-7.1 Impedance Matching by Quarter-Wave Transformer497

9-7.2 Single-Stub Matching501

9-7.3 Double-Stub Matching505

Review Questions509

Problems512

10Waveguides and Cavity Resonators520

10-1 Introduction520

10-2General Wave Behaviors along Uniform Guiding Structures521

10-2.1 Transverse Electromagnetic Waves524

10-2.2 Transverse Magnetic Waves525

10-2.3 Transverse Electric Waves529

10-3Parallel-Plate Waveguide534

10-3.1 TM Waves between Parallel Plates534

10-3.2 TE Waves between Parallel Plates539

10-3.3 Energy-Transport Velocity541

10-3.4 Attenuation in Parallel-Plate Waveguides543

10-4.Rectangular Waveguides547

10-4.1 TM Waves in Rectangular Waveguides547

10-4.2 TE Waves in Rectangular Waveguides551

10-4.3 Attenuation in Rectangular Waveguides555

10-4.4 Discontinuities in Rectangular Waveguides559

10-5Circular Waveguides562

10-5.1 Bessel’s Differential Equation andBessel Functions563

10-5.2 TM Waves in Circular Waveguides567

10-5.3 TE Waves in Circular Waveguides569

10-6Dielectric Waveguides572

10-6.1 TM Waves along a Dielectric Slab572

10-6.2 TE Waves along a Dielectric Slab576

10-6.3 Additional Comments on Dielectric Waveguides579

10-7Cavity Resonators582

10-7.1 Rectangular Cavity Resonators582

10-7.2 Quality Factor of Cavity Resonator586

10-7.3 Circular Cavity Resonator589

Review Questions592

Problems594

11Antennas and Radiating Systems600

11-1 Introduction600

11-2Radiation Fields of Elemental Dipoles602

11-2.1 The Elemental Electric Dipole602

11-2.2 The Elemental Magnetic Dipole605

11-3 Antenna Patterns and Antenna Parameters607

11-4Thin Linear Antennas614

11-4.1 The Half-Wave Dipole617

11-4.2 Effective Antenna Length619

11-5Antenna Arrays621

11-5.1 Two-Element Arrays622

11-5.2 General Uniform Linear Arrays625

11-6Receiving Antennas631

11-6.1 Internal Impedance and Directional Pattern632

11-6.2 Eflective Area634

11-6.3 Backscatter Cross Section637

11-7Transmit-Receive Systems639

11-7.1 Friis Transmission Formula and Radar Equation639

11-7.2 Wave Propagation near Earth’s Surface642

11-8Some Other Antenna Types643

11-8.1 Traveling-Wave Antennas643

11-8.2 Helical Antennas645

11-8.3 Yagi-Uda Antenna648

11-8.4 Broadband Antennas650

11-9 Aperture Radiators655

References661

Review Questions662

Problems664

Appendixes671

ASymbols and Units671

A-1 Fundamental SI （Rationalized MKSA） Units671

A-2 Derived Quantities671

A-3 Multiples and Submultiples of Units673

BSome Useful Material Constants674

B-1 Constants of Free Space674

B-2 Physical Constants of Electron and Proton674

B-3 Relative Permittivities （Dielectric Constants）675

B-4 Conductivities675

B-5 Relative Permeabilities676

CIndex of Tables677

General Bibliography679

Answers toe Selected Problemns681

Index693