《人工智能程序设计 第2版》

6 Mapping Functions 141

14 More lambda-list keywords 321

13 Keywords 291

12 Lisp style 271

11 Local versus free variables 251

10 Equality 231

9 Inside Lisp 181

8 Atoms 171

7 LAMBDA Expressions 151

Contents1

5 Lists 121

4 Tree Structures 101

3 Primitive Operations on S-expressions 81

2 Program Structures 21

1 Data Structures 11

． LISP REVIEW1

PART Ⅰ:LISP PROGRAMMING1

Pretace 111

6 BIND:A Macro For Special Variables 472

5 Generating new symbols 452

4 Macros 392

3 Terminating read-macros 392

2 The Backquote Read-Macro 342

1 Read-Macros 332

．MACROS AND READ-MACROS 332

17 Conclusion 823

16 BIND 753

15 UNWlND-PROTECT 743

14 CATCH and THROW 743

13 Defining the FOR-macro 693

12 Iteration and lists:the mapping functions 643

11 DO 633

10 ITERATE 603

8 Interrupting the normal flow 583

9 Redi recting the flow of control:GO 593

2 The Conservative Approach to Type Definition 503

．DATA STRUCTURES AND CONTROL STRUCTURES3

IN LISP　 483

1 The Need for Data Types 483

7 Local functions:FLET and LABELS 563

3 The Liberal Approach 513

4 The Radical Approach 533

5 Control Structures 553

6 Basic control structure 563

．INPUT/OUTPUT IN LISP 834

1 Streams 844

2 READ-CHAR,READ-LINE,and READ 　854

3 PRIN1,PRINC,and TERPRI 884

4 PRINT,PPRINT,and FORMAT 884

5 The MSG Macro 904

6 Separating I/O from Your Functions 934

6 Macros in Compiled Code 1075

7 Variables in Compiled Code 1075

5 Compiler Declarations 1055

8 Lexical Scoping Versus EVAL and SET 1085

9 Ignored Variables 1105

1 What Is Compilation? 975

4 What the Lisp Compiler Does 1015

3 Example:Regular Expressions 1005

2 Implications for Al Programs 995

PROGRAM S PROGRAM 975

． OMPILING YOUR PROGRAM AND YOUR5

．DATA-DRIVEN PROGRAMMING AND OTHER6

PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES 1116

1 Data-driven Programming 1116

2 Association Lists,Property Lists,and Hash Tables 1126

3 Reimplementing MSG 1166

4 Data-Driven Programming as an6

Organizational Device 1196

5 Set Operations on Lists 1216

6 Headed Lists and Queues 1236

4 Coroutines 1367

5 Continuations and ControI Flow:7

3 Continuations and Multiple Values 1327

CALL-WITH-CURRENT-CONTINUATION 1427

6 Problems with Continuation Passing 1477

1 Passing Procedures In and Out 1277

AND COROUTINES 1277

．HIGHER-ORDER FUNCTIONS,CONTINUATIONS,7

2 Continuations and Tail-Recursion 1297

2 Database Discrimination Nets—Lists of Atoms 1538

4 Implementing Discrimination Trees with8

3 Database Discrimination Nets—General8

S-expressions 1578

1 The General Discrimination Net 1498

．SIMPLE DISCRIMINATION NETS 1498

PART Ⅱ: Al PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES8

Continuations 1619

．AGENDA CONTROL STRUCTURES 1669

1 Introduction 1 669

2 Best-First Tree Search 1669

3 Coroutines and Agendas 1719

4 Design Alternatives for Agendas 1769

5 Generated Lists 1779

11 Programming with Logic 21510

12 Extending the Retriever 21810

10 Forward Chaining 21310

9 A Deductive Retriever 20210

8 A Unification Algorithm 19510

13 Deductive Retrieval versus Theorem Proving 22310

14 Pattern Matching 22410

15 The Pros and Cons of Deductive Information10

2 Database-defined Predicates 18310

7 Deductive Retrieval 19010

6 Issues 18910

5 Coming to Terms 18810

4 Existential Quantification 18710

3 Connectives,Variables,and lnference Rules 18310

1 Introduction 18210

．DEDUCTIVE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL 18210

Retrieval 22611

．DISCRIMINATION NETS WITH VARIABLES 23011

1 Plan Retrieval 23111

2 Fetching Facts 23511

3 Variations on the Discrimination Net Theme 24011

6 An Example 26612

7 Improvements to XPS 27112

5 The Implementation of XPS 25412

8　XPS and OPS5 27212

9　Deductive Retrieval and Production Systems 27512

2 ReDresentation of Working Memory Elements12

3 Establishing the Conflict Set 25112

in XPS 25012

1 Representation of Rules in XPS 24912

．PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 24812

4 Conflict Resolution in XPS 25112

4 Pattern Matching in XRL 28813

7 Extending XRL 29813

6 Retrieving Forms 29613

5 Indexing Forms 29413

3 IF-ADDED Methods 28713

2 An Introduction to XRL 27713

1 Expanding Property List Facilities 27613

．SLOT AND FILLER DATA BASES 27613

8 Using Problem-Solving Techniques 33214

7 Defining the ATN with Continuations 32814

6 Backtracking with a Transition-Saving Approach 32714

4 An ATN without Backtracking 31214

5 Backtracking In ATNs—A State-Saving Approach 32014

Backup 30514

2 A Basic Transition Network Grammar without14

1 Introduction 30414

．CHRONOLOGICAL BACKTRACKING 30414

3 Representing an ATN Network in Lisp 30814

7 Retracting Clauses and Delabeling Nodes 34515

14 RMS to Lisp Communications 38515

13 Dealing with Interruptions 37915

12 Subsuming Clauses 37815

11 Finding Nogoods 37215

10 Dependency-directed Backtracking 36715

9 The Eight Queens Problem 35515

8 The lmplementation of an RMS 34715

4 Labeling Data-Dependency Networks 33915

6 Incompleteness of the RMS Algorithm 34315

5 Propagating Labels from New Clauses 34115

3 Data-Dependency Network Graphs 33915

2 Data-Dependency Clauses 33815

1 The Need for Reason Maintenance 33715

SYSTEMS 33715

．DATA DEPENDENCIES AND REASON MAINTENANCE15