《the book of fossils》

FOSSILS AND THEIR STORY1

What they are1

Derivation of Name1

How the Know-ledge of Fossils grew2

Their Universal Distribution4

Light thrown on Evolution by Fossils6

Changes of Climate on Land and in the Sea6

Interchange between Land and Sea.7

HOW WE RECOGNIZE FOSSILS8

How they differ from Living Animals and Plants8

General Classification of Animals and Plants9

Pseudo-fossils (Concretions and Mineral Markings).11

FOSSIL-BEARING ROCKS AND THEIR RELATIVE AGES13

How ancient Sediments or Strata were formed13

Strata were originally Horizontal13

Vertical Geological Section14

Terrestrial (and Lacustrine) beds and Marine Accu-mulations15

General Succession of Strata19

Tables of Periods and Approximate Duration of Time19

Estimation of Geological Time.23

CHIEF FOSSIL BEDS OF AUSTRALIA26

Primary or Palaeozoic Rocks (Cambrian to Permian)26

Secondary or Mesozoic Rocks (Trias to Cretaceous)31

Tertiary or Cainozoic (Oligocene to Pliocene) and Pleistocene Rocks33

OUR FOSSIL MARSUPIALS AND OTHER MAMMALS36

Characters of Marsupials and Monotremes36

Fossil Monotremes (Echidna and Platypus)37

Fossil Mar-supials (Wynyardia, Native Cat, Tasmanian Devil, Tas-manian Wolf, Bandicoots, Wombat, Giant Kangaroos, Diprotodon, Nototherium, Marsupial Lion)38

Higher Mammals (Rats, Native Dog, Toothed Whales, Porpoises, Beaked Whales)43

FOSSIL BIRDS45

Oldest Fossil Moa and Emeus45

An Extinct Wading Bird50

Other Keel-breasted Birds 51

FOSSIL REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS53

Extinct Lizards54

Snakes55

Fish Lizards55

Long-necked Lizards56

Tortoises and Horned Turtle of Lord Howe -Island-Crocodiles56

Deinosaurs58

Labyrinthodonts or "Maze-toothed" Amphibians.59

FOSSIL FISHES61

Sharks and Lung-fishes of the Devonian and Carboni-ferous63

Enamel-scaled Fishes of the Permian, Trias and Jurassic65

Lung-fish of Gippsland and the Opal-field66

Tertiary Sharks, Rays, Wrasses and Elephant Fish.67

FOSSIL INSECTS71

Plant Bugs, Lace-wings and Water Beetles of Belmont72

Crickets of Narrabeen73

Cicadas and Grass-hoppers of Beacon Hill73

Beetles and Cockroaches of St Peters74

Bugs, Cicadas and House-flies of the Queensland Trias74

Giant Dragon-fly of the Queensland Cretaceous75

Ter-tiary Insects76

OTHER JOINTED ANIMALS (ARTHROPODS)77

Sea-scorpions77

Fossil Crabs and Lobsters78

Ancient Wood-lice, Sand-hoppers and Water-fleas79

Pod-shrimps of the Gold-bearing Slates80

Barnacles (Acorn and Goose)80

Rock-building Bivalved Ostracoda81

Trilobites.83

MARINE AND FRESHWATER FOSSILS87

Shell-fish or Mollusca, including the Nautilus, Ammonites and Cuttlefish, Univalves or Snails, and Bivalves87

Lamp-shells97

Sea-mats100

Sea-urchins102

Worms101

Grap-tolites105

Corals106

Sponges108

Radiolaria109

Foraminifera.110

PRINCIPAL FOSSIL PLANTS113

Ancient Limy Seaweeds113

Seaweeds and Land Plants of the Silurian114

Giant Club Mosses115

Fern-like Seed-plants (Glossopteris of Gondwana-land)115

Horse-tails and Ferns of the Mesozoic116

The Incoming of Flowering Plants117

A Great Time Gap117

Ancient Eucalypts—Laurels, Magnolias and Banksias.118

COLLECTING AND PRESERVING FOSSILS121

Tools121

Packing and Labelling122

Where to collect122

Field Notes124

Preservation of Fossils124

Storage and Labelling.125

USEFUL BOOKS OF REFERENCE126