《Fossils What They Tell Us of Plants and Animals of the Past》求取 ⇩

Ⅰ THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FOSSILS1

Ancient Interpretations of Fossils1

Fossils Visualize the Geologic Past3

Fossils Prove Evolution3

Ⅱ THE NATURE AND ANTIQUITY OF FOSSILS4

Definition of a Fossil4

Classification of Fossils4

Fossils Actually Preserved in Ice or Frozen Soil, in Oil, or in Amber5

Petrification8

Natural Molds or Casts10

Fossil Footprints and Trails13

Coprolites14

Artificial Structures15

Ⅲ THE NUMBER AND AGE OF FOSSILS17

A Census of Fossils17

How the Age of Fossils is Determined18

Stratigraphical Geology20

Ⅳ THE LOCATIONS OF FOSSILS21

Marine Fossils21

The Continental Shelf21

Deep-Sea Fossils22

Estuarine Deposits24

River Bars and Deltas24

Old Inland Sea Bottoms25

Terrestrial Fossils25

Flood-plain Deposits25

Peat Swamps and Quicksands26

Coal Swamps27

Asphalt Beds27

Some Famous Localities of Fossils28

Solnhofen, Bavaria28

Agate Spring Quarry, Nebraska31

Mount St. Stephen Region, British Columbia34

Bone Cabin Quarry, Wyoming35

South Joggins, Nova Scotia37

Are Fossil Remains Still Being Discovered?38

Ⅴ FOSSILS AND THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION41

Ⅵ PLANTS AND ANIMALS OF THE PAST45

The Paleozoic Era45

The Cambrian Period45

The Ordovician Period49

The Silurian Period50

The Devonian Period51

The Carboniferous Period53

The Permian Period55

The Mesozoic Era56

The Triassic Period57

The Jurassic Period58

The Cretaceous Period60

Other Great Reptiles65

Mesozoic Birds67

The Warm-blooded Mammals70

Extinction of the Great Reptiles71

The Cenozoic Era72

The Archaic Mammals72

The Modernized Mammals77

Ⅶ FOSSIL HORSES79

The Differences Between the Horse and His Unknown Ancestor79

The Ten Stages in the Evolution of the Horse80

Ⅷ FOSSIL ELEPHANTS AND MASTODONS85

Adaptations of Skulls and Noses85

Peculiar Dental Features86

From Moeritherium to Mastodon and Elephant86

Paleomastodon86

The Four-tuskers88

The American Mastodon89

Adaptations Among Elephants89

Elephants in North America90

The Woolly Mammoth90

The Tallest Elephant91

Summary91

Ⅸ FOSSIL MEN93

The Ape-Man of Java94

The Heidelberg Man94

The Piltdown Man95

The Peking Man95

The Neanderthal Man96

The Rhodesian Man97

Modern Man97

Whence Came the Fossil Men of Europe?98

Ⅹ EXTINCTIONS AND THEIR CAUSES99

Two Forms of Extinction100

Changes in Physical Environment101

Changes in Biotic Environment101

Internal Causes102

Ⅺ THE UTILITARIAN VALUE OF FOSSIL REMAINS103

Fossils an Index to Oil and Coal103

A Legal Illustration of Fossil Importance104

Fossils a Source of Petroleum104

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING106

GLOSSARY107

INDEX109

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