《CONTRACTS FOR INTERNATIONAL SALE OF COODS》

Ⅰ. Introduction1

1. Historical Remarks1

2. The Need for a Uniform Application of the CISG as Justification for this Paper8

3. The Scope of the Present Paper23

Ⅱ. The Internationality of Sales Contracts under the CISG31

1. Comparing the CISG and the Hague Conventions31

2. The Internationality of Sales Contracts under the Hague Conventions36

3. The Internationality of Contracts under the CISG40

4. The “Place of Business” under the CISG44

5. Multiple Places of Business49

6. Location of the Place of Business and the Knowledge of It55

Ⅲ. The CISG’s Criteria ofApplicability （1（1）（a） and 1（1）（b））59

1. The CISG’s “Direct” Application pursuant to Article 1（1）（a）59

2. The CISG’s “Indirect” Application by Virtue of the Rules of Private International Law - Article 1（1）（b）72

3. The Impact of the Article 95 Reservation on the CISG’s Applicability84

4. The Application of the CISG by Arbitral Tribunals92

Ⅳ.The Convention’s Substantive Sphere of Application97

1. The Sales Contract97

2. Other Contracts Governed by the CISG102

3. Contracts for the Sale of Made-to-Order Goods and Services108

4. Contracts for the Sale of Labor and Services115

5. The International Sale of “Goods”121

Ⅴ. Exclusions from the CISG’s Sphere of Application pursuant to Article 2129

1. General Remarks129

2. Exclusions of Consumer Contracts： The Definition of Consumer Contracts132

3. The Recognizable Purpose of the Purchase of Goods and the Burden of Proof137

4. Exclusions of Sales based upon the Nature of the Goods Sold： Negotiable Instruments and Money142

5. The Exclusions of Ships，Vessels，Hovercraft，Aircraft and Electricity （Article 2（e） and （f） ）144

Ⅵ. Sphere of Application and Party Autonomy151

1. General Remarks151

2. Implied Exclusion of the CISG and Choice of the Applicable Law159

3. Exclusion of the CISG by virtue of Standard Contract Forms and Choice of Forum171

4. Implicit Exclusion of the CISG and Pleadings on the Sole Basis of Domestic Law174

5. Express Exclusion of the CISG176

6. Applicability of the CISG and Opting-In179

Ⅶ. The Examination and Notification in Case of Non-Conformity of the Goods183

1. Introduction183

2. The “Lack of Conformity”： Article 35（1） CISG186

3. The “Lack of Conformity”： Article 35（2） and （3） CISG193

4. The Discovery of the Defect （Article 38 CISG）204

5. The Time Requirements of a Proper Notice under Article 39 CISG219

6. Substantive and Form Requirements of a Proper Notice under Article 39（1） CISG and the Cut-off Period under Article 39（2） CISG231

7. The Mitigation of the Consequences of an Improper Notice （Articles 40 and 44 CISG）242

Ⅷ. The Issue of the Rate of Interest on Sums in Arrears249

1. The Issue of Interest Rates in General249

2. Interest Rates and Gap-Filling258

3. The Rate of Interest in Scholarly Writing263

4. The Issue of the Rates of Interest in Case Law266

5. The Determination of the Rate of Interest on the Basis of Domestic Law269

Ⅸ. Conclusion277

Index279