《THE MODERN LAW OF DIPLOMACY》

PART ONE The Scope of Diplomatic Law3

Chapter Ⅰ.Evolution of Diplomatic Law3

1.The Origins3

2.New Dimensions of Diplomacy4

2.1.The World-wide Extension4

2.2.Multilateralism and Diversification6

3.From Customary to Conventional Law8

3.1.Diplomatic and Consular Relations8

- Convention on Diplomatic Relations8

- Convention on Consular Relations9

3.2.The New Types of Missions9

- Convention on Special Missions9

- Convention on Relations of States with International Organizations10

3.3.Additional Instruments13

-Convention on the Protection of Diplomats13

-Protocol on the Diplomatic Bag and Courrier14

4.Implementation of the New Diplomatic Law14

4.1.The Practice of States and International Organizations14

4.2.The International Jurisprudence15

Chapter Ⅱ.The Field of Study17

1.Organs of Relations Between States17

2.Diversity and Unity of the Law of External Missions18

3.Three Complementary Approaches22

4.The Overall Plan23

PART TWO The External Missions27

Chapter Ⅲ.External Missions as Organs of Subjects of International Law27

1.Common Characteristics of External Missions27

2.External Mission of States29

2.1.The Right of Legation29

2.2.International Personality29

2.3.Recognition30

2.4.Different Types of Missions31

2.5.The Ministry of Foreign Affairs31

3.External Missions of International Organizations32

3.1.Functional Legal Personality32

3.2.Non-Reciprocity33

3.3.Types of Missions34

4.Missions of Subjects of a Special Character35

4.1.Papal Nuncios35

4.2.Missions of the Order of Malta36

4.3.Delegations of the ICRC36

Chapter Ⅳ.Permanent External Missions and Their Functions39

1.Missions of Representation to States39

1.1.Representation39

1.2.Protection40

1.3.Negotiations41

1.4.Information42

1.5.Promoting Friendly Relations42

1.6.Protection of Foreign Interests43

2.Consular Missions44

2.1.The Nature of Consular Missions44

2.2.Representation of the State and its Nationals45

2.3.Administrative Functions47

3.Missions to International Organizations48

3.1.Missions of Member States48

- Origin of Permanent Missions48

- Participation in the Activities of the Organization49

- Negotiations50

- Protection of Interests51

- Information52

3.2.Observer Missions52

3.3.Missions of International Organizations53

Chapter Ⅴ.Temporary External Missions55

1.The ad hoc diplomacy55

2.Special Missions57

2.1.The Diplomatic Character57

2.2.Functions of Special Missions58

- Bilateral Relations58

- Multilateral Relations58

2.3.Types of Special Missions59

2.4.Special Missions and Embassies61

2.5.Special Missions of International Organizations61

3.The Delegations62

Chapter Ⅵ.Specialized Missions65

1.The Problem of Taxonomy65

2.Aid and Assistance Missions of States66

2.1.French Missions of Co-operation66

2.2.Missions of the US-AID67

3.Assistance Missions of International Organizations68

3.1.The UNDP Resident Representatives68

3.2.The EEC Delegates70

Chapter Ⅶ.The Establishment of External Missions71

1.Agreements Concerning Missions Accredited to States71

1.1.The Form71

1.2.The Content72

1.3.Missions of International Organizations73

2.Establishment of Missions to International Organizations74

2.1.The Triangular Relationship74

2.2.Relations with the Host State75

2.3.Missions of International Organizations76

3.Multiple Accreditations76

3.1.Diplomatic Missions76

3.2.Consular Posts78

3.3.Special Missions78

3.4.Missions to International Organizations79

4.The Alteration of an External Mission80

4.1.Change in Status80

4.2.Change in Structure81

Chapter Ⅷ.The Material Setting of the Mission83

1.The Seat of the External Mission83

2.Premises and Apartments85

3.Means of Transport86

4.The Flag and Emblem87

Chapter Ⅸ.Termination of an External Mission89

1.Non-Conflictual Situations89

1.1.Withdrawal of Diplomatic Missions89

1.2.End of Temporary Missions90

2.Severence of Diplomatic Relations91

2.1.The Decision91

2.2.Legal Consequences92

2.3.Protection of Interests93

3.Suspension of Diplomatic Relations95

4.The Extinction of One of the Parties and the Non-Recognition of a Government95

5.Fate of the External Mission During Armed Conflict96

6.Consequences of the Termination of an External Mission96

PART THREE The Staff of the External Mission101

Chapter Ⅹ.The Members of the Mission101

1.Appointment of Members of the Mission101

2.Nationatyty of Members of the Mission102

2.1.Missions of States102

2.2.Missions of International Organizations104

3.Size of the Mission104

3.1.Missions to States104

3.2.Missions to International Organizations106

3.3.Special Missions107

4.Travel Documents107

4.1.The Diplomatic Passport107

4.2.The Laissez-passer109

5.The Diplomatic Corps109

5.1.The Status109

5.2.The Dean110

5.3.The Functions111

5.4.The Diplomatic Committee112

Chapter Ⅺ.The Head of Mission113

1.Status of the Head of Missions113

2.Classes and Precedence114

2.1.Diplomatic Missions114

2.2.Consuls115

2.3.Special Missions116

2.4.Missions to International Organizations117

2.5.Missions of International Organizations117

3.The Acting Head of Mission118

4.The Head of State and Persons of High Rank119

Chapter Ⅹ.The Categories of the Staff of the Mission121

1.The Diplomatic Staff121

2.Consular Officers123

3.The Non-Diplomatic Staff124

4.Experts124

5.Families of Members of the Mission126

6.The Internal Hierarchy of the Mission126

Chapter ⅩⅢ.Commencement of Functions of Members of External Missions129

1.The Prior Consent of the Receiving State129

1.1.The Agrement129

1.2.The Consular Exequatur131

1.3.The Acceptance of Members of Special Missions132

2.The Taking Up of Functions133

2.1.The Head of Mission133

- Ambassadors133

- Other Heads of Mission135

2.2.Delegations136

2.3.Members of the Mission’s Staff138

Chapter ⅩⅣ.Termination of Functions of Members of External Missions141

1.Termination of Functions by Decision of the Sending Subject141

2.Termination of Functions Resulting from a Decision of the Receiving State （Declaration of Persona Non Grata）142

2.1.Members of Missions to States142

2.2.Members of Missions to International Organizations145

PART FOUR Status of the External Mission and of its Staff153

Chapter ⅩⅤ.The Interplay of Rights and Duties153

1.The Foundations of the Diplomatic Status153

2.The Scope of the Diplomatic Status154

3.The Mission and the Legal Order of the Receiving State157

3.1.The Principle157

3.2.Measures of Enforcements158

3.3.The Violations159

Chapter ⅩⅥ.Protection of the Mission and of its Personnel163

1.Obligations of the Receiving State163

2.Prevention of Crimes Against Members of External Missions166

3.Duties of the Sending State169

Chapter ⅩⅦ.The Freedom of Communication of the Mission173

1.General Principles173

2.Correspondence175

3.Telecommunications175

4.The Diplomatic Bag and Courier176

4.1.The Diplomatic Bag177

4.2.The Diplomatic Courier180

5.Duties of Third States Concerning Communication of the Mission181

Chapter ⅩⅧ.Principles of Implementation of Immunities and Exemptions183

1.Application as to Persons （ratione personae）183

2.Application as to Substance （ratione materiae）184

3.Application as to Place （ratione loci）185

4.Application in Time （ratione temporis）186

5.The Case of International Officials189

Chapter ⅩⅨ.The Inviolability191

1.The Concept191

2.Inviolability of the External Mission191

3.Inviolability of the Mission’s Members195

Chapter ⅩⅩ.Immunity from Jurisdiction201

1.The Definition201

2.Acts Attributable to the Sending Subject201

3.Immunity from Criminal Jurisdiction203

4.Immunity from Civil Jurisdiction205

5.Immunity from Measures of Execution208

6.Immunity from Administrative Jurisdiction209

7.Immunity from Giving Evidence210

8.Waiver of Immunity211

Chapter ⅩⅪ.Exemptions215

1.The Concept of Exemption215

2.Tax Exemptions216

3.Exemptions from Customs Duty218

4.Other Exemptions220

Chapter ⅩⅫ.The Settlement of Disputes223

PART FIVE Activities of the External Mission229

Chapter ⅩⅩⅢ.General Principles229

1.Authority to Act on Behalf of the Mission229

2.Non-Interference in the Internal Affairs231

3.The Area of Activity of the External Mission and the Freedom of Movement of its Members234

Chapter ⅩⅩⅣ.Relations of the External Mission with Official Organs237

1.Missions to States237

2.Missions to International Organizations239

Chapter ⅩⅩⅤ.The External Mission and Private Individuals243

1.Nationals of the Sending State243

2.Nationals of the Country of Residence245

Chapter ⅩⅩⅥ.Diplomatic Asylum247

1.Historical Background247

2.Diplomatic Asylum in International Law248

3.Recent Practice249

Chapter ⅩⅩⅦ.The Rules of Parliamentary Diplomacy253

1.The Definition253

2.The Institutional Framework254

2.1.Organs of International Organizations254

2.2.International Conferences255

2.3.Groups of States256

3.The Normative Framework257

4.The Participants259

5.The Decision-Making Process260

5.1.The Outcome of the Debate260

5.2.The Voting Systems260

5.3.New Solutions261

Bibliography263

Table of Diplomatic Law Conventions271

Index277