《ROMAN PRIVATE LAW IN THE TIMES OF CICERO AND OF THE ANTONINES VOLUME II》

BOOK Ⅴ.2

CHAP. Ⅰ. CLASSIFICATION.2

Criticism of Gaius’ division,2

Classification in this book,3

CHAP. Ⅱ. AGREEMENTS.6

A. PACTA,6

B. Compromise （transactio）,8

CHAP. Ⅲ. STRICT OBLIGATIONS （STRICTA JUDICIA）:General character,10

A. Verbal obligation （STIPULATIO）, p.11

1. （a） form,11

（b） conditions of validity,13

（c） impossibility of performance,17

（d） options,19

（e） heirs how far bound, p.20

（f） drafting and interpretation,22

（g） action,24

（h） who can enter into stipulation,25

2. Correal obligation,26

3. Adstipulation,28

4. SURETIES: three kinds,29

sponsor, fidepromissor,29

lex Appuleia, lex Furia, lex Cicereia,30

fidejussor,31

Hadrian’s letter, p.31

lex Cornelia,31

details of suretyship,32

5. Novation （by stipulation）,38

6. Delegation,42

7. Transfer of obligations,45

（a） by stipulation,45

（b） by representation,47

8. Payment or discharge of obligation,49

what is payment?50

to whom should payment be made?52

marshalling of debts,54

other modes of discharge,55

9. Verbal Release （ACCEPTILATIO）,55

10. Quittance or receipt,59

Pompeian tablet,59

11. Pactum de non petendo,61

B. LITTERARUM OBLIGATIO （Book-entry）, p.64

C.66

1. CASH-LOAN （MUTUUM）, p.66

2. interest on loans, p.72

3. loans on bottomry （trajectitia petunia）, p.75

D. CONDICTIONES, p.76

1. ob rem dati, re non secuta, p.77

2. indebiti, p.79

3. sine causa, p.82

4. ob turpem causam, p.82

5. furtiva, i.e. ex causa furtiva, p.82

6. incerti （?）, p.84

E.86

1. Actio de eo quod certo loco dari oportet, p.86

2. pecuniae constitutae, p.86

3. recepticia, p.88

CHAP. Ⅳ. OBLIGATIONES BONAE FIDEI:89

1. general character, p.89

2. enumeration, p.90

3. classification, p.90

Loan, Deposit, Pledge, p.91

A. LOAN （COMMODATUM）, p.92

B. DEPOSIT:94

1. ordinary, p. 94；94

2. with banker, p.96

3. with stakeholder （sequester）, p.97

4. under fiducia, p.97

C.97

1. FIDUCIA, p.97

as pledge, p.98

Baetic tablet, p.101

2. PIGNUS and HYPorHECA, p.102

definition, p. 102；what can be pledged, p.103

pledge of others’ property p.104

tacit pledge, p.105

creditor’s duty, p.106

dvTiXprησιs, p.107

power of sale, p.108

forfeiture, p.110

successive pledges, p.111

end of pledge, p.112

pledge of pledge, p.113

creditor’s actions, p.113

3. Pignoris capio, p.115

D.116

1. ANDATUM, p.116

mandator as guarantor, p.121

Jussus, p.122

2. NEGoTIORUM GESTIO, p.123

direct action, p.124

counter-action, p.126

E. SocIETAs:127

1. ordinary Partnership, p.127

2. companies: tax-farmers, p.133

clubs, towns, etc., p.134

3. judicium commun dividundo, p.135

F. PURCHASE AND SALE （EMPTIO, vENDITIO）138

1. contract of sale, p.138

2. obligation under contract of sale, p.142

vendor’s duty, p. 143 what sale carries, p.145

vendor’s liability for faults, p. 147 purchaser’s duty, p.148

3. AEDILES’ EDICT, p.149

judicium redhibitorium, p.151

quanti minoris, p. 151；151

4. liability for want of title, p.157

stipulatio duplae, p.158

5. action ex empto, p.160

6. special subjects of sale162

（a） venditio hereditatis, p.162

（b） venditio nominis, p.163

7. sales oln condition, p.164

（a） in diem addictio, p.165

（b） lex commissoria, p.165

（c） si displicuerit, p.166

（d） sub modo, p.166

（e） ita ut, p.167

8. specimen record of sale, p.167

G. LETTING AND HIRING （LOCATIO, CONDUCTIO）, p.169

1. loc. cond. rei, p.171

2. operarunm, p.174

3. operis faciendi, p.174

4. carriage, etc. of fungibles, p.176

5. SUPERFICIES, p.176

6. JETTISON （lex Rhodia）, p.177

7. Receptum nautarum, etc., p.178

H. ACTIONS ON THE CASE （in factum, praescriptis verbis）, p.179

1. Aestimatoria, p.180

2. barter, p.181

3. do ut des, etc., p.181

4. various, p.182

5. delictal, p.182

CHAP. Ⅴ. SEMIDELICTAL OBLIGATIONS, p.183

ⅰ.184

1. actio judicati, p.184

2. depensi, p.184

3. de sponsu, p.185

4. legati certi per damn., p.185

Liberatio per aes et libram, p.185

5. DAMNI INJURIA: lex Aquilia, p.186

cases under law, p.187

analogous, p.188

good defence, p.189

who is plaintiff, p.190

measure of damages, p.191

injury to freeman, p.192

concurrent actions, p.193

second clause of law, p.193

Dare damnas esto, p.194

ⅱ.194

1. Arborum furtim caesarum, p.194

2. de dejecto effusove, p.195

3. de suspenso, exposito, etc., p.196

4. qui naves, cauponas exercent, p.197

5. PAUPERIES, p.198

keeping dogs, etc., p.199

CHAP. Ⅵ. OBLIGATIONES EX DELICTO, p.199

A. FURTI. What is theft? p.201

ope consilio, p.203

who can sue,205

damages, p. 209 f. manifesti, p.209

noxal surrender, p.211

B. Other actions for theft212

1. de tigno juncto, p.212

2. de pastu pecoris, p.212

3. abigeatus, p.212

4. oneris aversi, p.213

5. rerum amotarum, p.213

C. Abstraction from vacant inheritance, p.213

（a） expilatae hereditatis, p.214

（b） fraud by slave freed, p.214

D.215

1. Furti concepti215

2 f. oblati, p.215

3. f. prohibiti, p.215

non exhibiti, p.216

E.216

1. VI BONORUM RAPTORUM, p.216

2. ex incendio, etc. rapti recepti, etc., p.217

3. damni in turba facti, p.218

F. Servi cOrrupti, p.218

G.220

1. INJURIARUM, p.220

Criminal insults, p.224

2. interdictum de hom. libero exhibendo, p.225

3. patronum in jus vocandi, p.225

H. INTIMIDATION, p.226

J. FRAUD. Doli mali actio, p.228

doli mali exceptio, p.231

K. Pecuniae acceptae calumniae causa, p.234

calumniae judicium, p.234

L. Fraudulent allowance of sale of self, p.235

M. Publicans’ exactions, p.235

N. Action against land surveyors, p.236

CHAP. Ⅶ.237

A. LIABILITY ON CONTRACTS OF PERSONS UNDER POWER:237

1. actio quod jussu, p.237

2. de peculio, p.238

where peculium passes, p.241

vicars, p.243

3. de in rem verso, p.245

4. tributoria, p.247

B. Liability on others’ contracts:actio exercitoria et institoria, p.248

C. LIABILITY ON TORTS OF PERSONS UNDER POWER:252

noxal surrender of slaves, p.252

of children, p.258

CHAP. Ⅷ. REINSTATEMENT OF PERSONS AND CANCELMENT OF TRANS-ACTIONS, p.258

A. Reinstatement of minors, p.259

B. Reinstatement of majores, p.262

C. Postliminium, p. 264.D.Capitis deminutio,P.266

E.SC.Macedonianum,P.267

F.SC.Velleianum（Vellaeanum）,P.268

G.Actio Pauliana,P.273

H.Actio Fabiana vel Calvisiana,P.276

I.De alienatione judicii mutandi causa,P.277

APPENDIX TO BOOKⅤ.:279

A.LITTERARUM OBLIGATIO,P.279

terms used,P.288

pararii,P.293

cicero Att.Ⅳ17,P.295

Valer/max.ⅶ 2§2,P.295

B.NEXUM,P.297

1.use in Livy,P.297

2.in ⅩⅡtables,P.303

3.in Cicero,P.304

4.in Varro and Aelius Gallus,P.305

5.nexum aes,P.306

6.use in Gaius,P.306

7.use in Digest and Codes,P.306

8—9. result,P.307

10.lex Poetelia,P.310

BOOK Ⅵ.312

CHAP.Ⅰ COURTS:312

A.Prartor,P.312

B.Consuls,P.313

C.Centumviri,P.314

D.Decemviri,P.315

E.Recuperatores,P.315

F.Arbiter,P.318

G.Arbiter ex compromisso,P.320

H.Judex,P.322

CHAP.Ⅱ.TIME ANG PLACE OF LEGAL BUSINESS:323

A.TIME:323

1. of year,p.323

2.of day,p.324

B.Place,p.325

CHAP.Ⅲ.DISQUALIFICATIONS FOR SUING:326

A.General,p.326

Infames,p.327

B.for appointing representatives,p.329

C.Special disqualification of gaming-house keepers,p.330

CHAP.Ⅳ.PLACE AND TIME OF SUING:331

A.Where suit should be brought,p.331

B.When suit should be brought,p.332

CHAP.Ⅴ.PROCEEDINGS IN JURE:333

A.Summons,p.333

B.Vadimonium,p.336

CHAP.Ⅵ.PROCEDURE PER LEGIS ACTIONES,p.339

A.Sacramento agere,p.340

B.Per judicis postulationem,p.345

C.Per condictionem,p.345

CHAP.Ⅶ. PROCEDURE PER FORMULAS:346

1.history,p.346

2.framing the issue,p.349

3.appointment of judge,p.351

4.praetor's general functions,p.352

5.si quid novi juris（magistratus）statuerit,p.353

CHAP.Ⅷ.PLEADINGS:354

A.General form of statement of issue354

1.demonstratio,intentio,condemnatio,p.354

2.modifications of form,p.354

3.damages,p.355

4.formula in jus or in factum concepta,p.356

5.praejudicium,p.359

B.Error in plaintiff's statement359

1.in the claim,p.359

2.in the condemnation,p.361

3.in the demonstration,p.362

C.Set-off（compensatio）,p.363

1.by banker,p.363

2.deductio by bonorum emptor,p.363

D.Pleas（exceptiones）:364

1.general character,p.364

2.mode of statement,p.365

3.peremptory or dilatory,p.365

E.Replications,etc.,p,367

F.Praescriptions:368

1.in periodical payments,p.368

2.other cases,p.368

3.in suietyship,p.369

4.on behalf of plaintiff,p.370

G.Fictions:371

1.general,p.371

2.damni infecti,etc.,p.372

3.bonorum emptor,p.372

4.cognitor,tutor,etc.,p.373

5.actio exercitoria,p.373

H.Sponsiones,p.374

CHAP.IX.376

A.REPRESENTATION OF PARTIES:376

1.under legis actio,P.376

2.cognitor,P.377

3.procurator,P.378

4.distinction between them,P.380

5.disqualification,P.381

B.SECURITY to be given by suitors:381

1.by parties,P.381

2.by agent,P.382

3.what is security,P.382

4.ratam rem dominum habituium,P.383

5.judicatum solvi,P.384

6.pro praede lit. vindic,,P.385

CHAP.X CHECKS ON LITIGATION:386

A.General,P.386

B.Exceptio rei judicatae,P.388:386

1.eadem quaestio,P.388

2.inter eosdem,P.390

3.etiam non eadem actione,P.391

4.special cases,P.392

5.by authoritative judge,P.392

C.Small question not to prejudice larger,P.393

CHAP.XI.394

A.OATHS:394

1.voluntary,P.394

2.necessary,P.395

3.judicial,P.396

B.ADMISSON（confessio in jure）,P.397

Failure in due defence,P.398

C.INTERROGATIONES in jure,P.399

CHAP.XII.JOINDER OF ISSUE（lis contestata）,P.401

1.importance and form,P.402

2.legitima judicia,P.403

3.judicia imperio continentia,P.405

4.effect of joinder of issue,P.405

CHAP.XIII.PROCEEDINGS IN JUDIDIO:407

A.Parties' action,P.407

B.Evidence,P.408

C.Judge's action,P.410

D.Interlocutory findings（pronuntiationes）,P.410

1.in actions in rem,P.411

2.in bonae fid.actions,P.411

3.in actions on torts,P.411

4.on plea of fraud,P.412

5.surrender of actions,P.412

6.in concurent action,P.412

7.action de peculio,P.413

8.compensatio,P.413

E.Satisfaction after joinder of issue,P.414

F.Taxation:litem suam facere,P.415

CHAP.ⅩⅠⅤ.APPEALS:419

A.1.procedure,P.419

2.judge,P.420

3.who allowed to appeal,P.420

4.conduct of appeal,P.421

5.effect of success,P.421

B.Correction without appeal,P.421

C.In duplum revocare,P.421

CHAP.ⅩⅤ.EXECUTION:actio judicati,P.423

A.Attacgment of person:423

1.under legis actio,P.423

2.manus injectio,P.425

3.result and position,P.426

4.local jurisdiction,P.429

5.manus injectio pro judicato,P.429

6.arrest and imprisonment in later times ,P.430

7.English analogy,P.431

B.Attacliment of property:432

1.missio in possessionem,P.432

2.bankruptcy proceedings,P.433

3.sale of estate,P.435

4.privileged claims,P.436

5.separatio bonorum,P.437

6.persons liable to sale of estate,P.438

7.jurisdiction,P.439

8.composition,P.439

C.1.Distress by authority of Ant.Pius,P.440

2.specific performance,P.441

CHAP.ⅩⅤⅠ.INTERDICTS AND THEIR PROCEDURE:441

A.Classification of interdicts,P.441

B.Procedure,in single interdicts,P.443

C.Did Gaiue write nom faciat in iv 170?P.446

CHAP.ⅩⅤⅡ.PROCEDURE extra ordinem,P.449

Interdiction of spendthrifts,P.449

APPENDIX TO VOL.Ⅱ ESSAYS ON CICERO’S PRIVATE ORATIONS.Cicero speaks as advocate,P.452

A.pro P.Quinctio,P.453

Statament of the facts,P.453

Argument:1.no ground for application,P.463

2.praetor’s order not justified,P.465

3.execution ineffectual,P.469.Text of §60,P.471

Special points:475

1. had Quinctius failed to appear?P.475

2. must procurator give security?P.477

3. appeal to tribunes,P.479

4. execution of order,P.480

5. must possession be complete?P.481

6. was seizure of Gallic land illegal?P.483

7. was eviction of Quinctius illegal?P.484

B. pro Q.Roscio comoedo,P.486

Statement of facts,P.487

argument from absence of legal ground,P.490

from position of partners,P.491

charge of thsft,P.494

nature of suit,P.496

not founded on book-entry,P.497

object of second part of speech,P.498

Conclusion,P.500

v.Mayr’s view,P.501

Bethmann-hollweg’s objections,P.502

Date of speech,P.502

C. pro M.Tullio:503

Statement of facts,P.503

Argument:1.aemed violence cannot be justified,P.505

2.why dolo malo is in formula,P.506

3.dolus malus applicable to a familia,P.506

4.further reply to objections,P.507

Conclusion,P.509

D. pro A.Caecina,P.510

Statement of facts,P.510

character of opponent,P.518

reply: 1.rejection is dejedtion,P.518

2.intimidation is force,P.518

3.possession not necessary,P.520

examination of Cicero’s argument,P.521

4.Caecina was owner,P.530

5.Volaterrans are not disqualified,P.532

Conclusion,P.535