《A monograph of the British Spongiadae Vol Ⅰ》

ORGANOGRAPHY1

The Spicula5

The Essential Skeleton Spicula13

Auxiliary Spicula16

Connecting Spicula16

Prehensile Spicula20

Defensive Spicula21

Internal Defensive Spicula28

Spicula of the Membranes39

Tension Spicula39

Retentive Spicula42

Anchorate Spicula45

Spicula of the Sarcode50

Simple Stellate Spicula51

Compound Stellate Spicula52

Spicula of the Ovaria and Gemmules57

Keratode62

Membranous Tissues66

Fibrous Structures68

Primitive Fibrous Tissues68

Keratose Fibrous Tissues71

Solid Simple Keratose Fibre72

Spiculated Keratose Fibre73

Hetro-spiculated Keratose Fibre74

Multi-spiculated Keratose Fibre75

Inequi-spiculated Keratose Fibre75

Simple Fistulose Keratose Fibre75

Compound Fistulose Keratose Fibre76

Regular Arenated Keratose Fibre77

Irregular Arenated Keratose Fibre78

Siliceous Fibre78

Prehensile Fibres80

Cellular Tissue81

ORGANIZATION AND PHYSIOLOGY83

The Skeleton84

Sarcode88

The Sarcodous System90

The Interstitial Canals and Cavities97

Intermarginal Cavities100

Dermal Membrane106

The Pores109

The Oscula112

Inhalation and Exhalation113

Nutrition121

The Cilia and Ciliary Action128

Reproduction132

Gemmules144

Exteenal Gemmulation149

Propagation by Sarcodous Division149

Growth and Development of Sponges152

ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE SPONGIAD ?153

On the Generic Characters of the Spongiad?156

Tabular View of Systematic Arrangement159

Order 1. CALCAREA160

Grantia162

Leucosolenia164

Leuconia164

Leucogypsia165

Order 2. SILICEA166

Geodia167

Pachymatisma171

Ecionemia173

Alcyoncellum174

Polymastia177

Halyphysema179

Ciocalypta179

Tethea181

Halicnemia184

Dictyocylindrus185

Phakellia186

Microciona188

Hymeraphia189

Hymedesmia190

Hymeniacidon191

Halichondria195

Hyalonema195

Isodictya197

Spongilla199

Desmacidon200

Raphyrus201

Diplodemia201

Daetylocalyx203

Farrea204

Order 3. KERATOSA205

Spongia205

Spongionella206

Halispongia207

Chalina208

Verongia209

Auliskia210

Stematumenia211

ON THE DISCRIMINATION OF THE SPECIES OF THE SPONGIAD?212

The Spicula213

The Oscula215

The Pores216

The Dermal Membrane216

The Skeleton217

The Interstitial Membranes218

The Intermarginal Cavitie218

The Interstitial Canals and Cavities219

The Cloacal Cavities219

The Sarcode220

The Ovaria and Gemmules221

ON THE PRESERVATION OF THE SPONGIAD?225

TERMINOLOGY,AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE FIGURES228

Spicula of the Skeleton229

Connecting Spicula234

Prehensile Spicula237

Defensive Spicula237

Spicula of the Membranes243

Tension Spicula243

Retentive Spicula246

Compound Stellate Spicula257

Spicula of Ovaries and Gemmules262

Elongate Spicula262

Birotulate and Boletiform Spicula264

New forms of Spicula267

Spicula the position of which ia unknown269

Membranoua Tissues271

Fibrous Structures272

Keratose Fibrous Tissue272

Prehensile Fibre274

Fibrilated274

Cellular Tissue274

Sarcode275

Internal and External Defences275

Intermarginal Cavities277

Cilia and Ciliary Action279

Reproductive Organs279

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENERA283

Order 1. CALCAREA283

Grantia,Leucosolenia,Leuconia,Leucogypsia283

Order 2. SILICEA284

Suborder 1284

Geodia,Pachymatisma,Ecionemia,Alcyoncellum284

Polymastia,Halyphysema,Ciocalypta,Tethea,Halicnemia285

Dictyocylindrus,Phakellia,Microciona,Hymeraphia286

Hymedesmia287

Suborder 2287

Hymeniacidon287

Suborder 3287

Halichondria,Hyalonema,Isodictya,Spongilla287

Suborder 4288

Desmacidon,Raphyms288

Suborder 5288

Diplodemia288

Suborder 6288

Dactylocalyx288

Suborder 7288

Farrea288

Order 3. KETRATOS288

Suborder 1288

Spongia288

Spongionella289

Suborder 2289

Halispongia289

Buborder 3289

Chalina289

Suborder 4289

Verongia289

Suborder 5289

Auliskia289

Suborder 6289

Stematumenia289

Suborder 7289

Dysidea289