《Siluria The history of the oldest fossiliferous rocks and their foundations with a brief sketch of t》

CHAPTER Ⅰ.INTRODUCTION.1

A Glance at the probable Earliest Condition of the Earth.—Design of this Work. —Original Silurian Researches and Classification.—The Fundamental and Paleozoic Rocks of Britain.—Range of the Paleozoic Rocks through other Countries1

CHAPTER Ⅱ.BASE OF THE SILURIAN ROCKS, AND EARLIEST SIGNS OF FORMER LIFE.17

Outlines, Structure, and Order of the older Rocks.—Earliest Crystalline Rocks.—The lowest known Sedimentary or Cambrian Deposits afford very rare traces only of former Life.—Order of conformable Succession upward to the Zone in which well—characterized Fossil Remains occur.—Slaty Cleavage.Metamorphic Rocks17

CHAPTER Ⅲ.LOWER SILURIAN ROCKS.37

Ascending Passage of the Strata from the Stiper Stones to the Llandeilo Flags, as proved by Physical and Zoological Characters in the Typical Tract of the Silurian Region.—Similar order of Strata in Wales from the Lingula Flags upwards.—The Llandeilo Rocks and their Fossils as exhibited in Shropshire. —The ange of the same Formation with its characteristic Fossils through Wales.—The Separation of the Llandeilo Rocks from the Caradoc or Bala Formation by Infraposition and Fossils.—The range of Graptolites37

CHAPTER Ⅳ.LOWER SILURIAN ROCKS—(continued).67

The Caradoc Formation, or Shelly Sandstones of Caer Caradoc.—General character and order in the typical Silurian Tract of Shropshire.Chief Organic Remains as distinguished from those of the Llandeilo Formation.Great masses of the Slaty Rocks of Wales, including those of Bala, shown to be the equivalents of the Caradoc of Shropshire.—Igneous Rocks, contemporaneous and eruptive, of Lower Silurian age67

CHAPTER Ⅴ. LLANDOVERY ROCKS—(TRANSITION FROM LOWER TO UPPER SILURIAN).94

The Formation shown to be one of intermediate character, and containing both Lower and Upper Silurian Fossils with some peculiar Types.—Ascending order of the whole Group near Llandovery in South Wales, where most developed.—The upper portion alone exhibited in Radnorshire, Shropshire, Herefordshire, the alvern Hills, May Hill, Tortworth, the Lickey Hills, c.—The varieties of the Base of the Upper Silurian Rocks of Wales94

CHAPTER Ⅵ.UPPER SILURIAN ROCKS.115

General character of the Upper Silurian Rocks, as divided into the Wenlock and Ludlow Formations.—The Wenlock Formation of Shale and Limestone, with its chief Fossils, described in ascending order, from the Shale with Woolhope Limestone to the Wenlock or Dudley Limestone inclusive115

CHAPTER Ⅶ.UPPER SILURIAN ROCKS—(continued).136

The Ludlow Formation, general character of.—Its Subdivision in the Typical Districts, into Lower Ludlow Rocks, Aymestry Limestone, and Upper Ludlow Rocks136

CHAPTER Ⅷ.160

SILURIAN ROCKS OF BRITAIN BEYOND THE TYPICAL REGION OF ENGLAND AND WALES ; NAMELY, IN CORNWALL, THE NORTH—WEST OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND IRELAND160

CHAPTER Ⅸ.201

ORGANIC REMAINS OF THE LOWER SILURIAN ROCKS201

CHAPTER Ⅹ.237

FOSSILS OF THE UPPER SILURIAN ROCKS237

CHAPTER Ⅺ.270

THE OLD RED SANDSTONE, OR DEVONIAN ROCKS, AS EXHIBITED IN THE BRITISH ISLES270

CHAPTER Ⅻ.CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS.305

Great Primeval Flora the Source of the Old Coal Deposits.General View of these Deposits and their Organic Remains in the British Isles305

CHAPTER ⅩⅢ.PERMIAN ROCKs.325

Changes of the former Surface. —Origin of the term Permian' as applied to the highest —roup of Primeval Deposits.—The Permian Rocks of Russia,Germany, and England.—The Organic Remains of the Group325

CHAPTER ⅩⅣ.364

GENERAL VIEW OF THE SILURIAN, DEVONIAN, AND CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS OF SCANDINAVIA AND RUSSIA364

CHAPTER ⅩⅤ.PRIMEVAL SUCCESSION IN GERMANY.390

General Sketch of the Character of the Older Rocks extending westwards from Poland and Turkey in Europe into the Alps and Carpathians.—Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian Rocks of Silesia and Moravia.—Silurian Rocks (Lower and Upper) of Bohemia.—Lower Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous Rocks of Saxony, the Thüringerwald, c.390

CHAPTER ⅩⅥ.PALEOZOIC ROCKS OF THE HARZ, THE RHENISH PROVINCES OF PRUSSIA,AND BELGIUM.413

Upper Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous Rocks of the Harz.—Devonian and Carboniferous Rocks of the Rhine and its affiuents.—Devonian and Carboniferous Deposits of Westphalia and Belgium413

CHAPTER ⅩⅦ.434

SILURIAN AND OVERLYING PALEOZOIC ROCKS OF FRANCE, SPAIN, PORTUGAL, AND SARDINIA434

CHAPTER ⅩⅧ.SUCCESSION OF PRIMEVAL ROCKS IN AMERICA.454

Order of the Paleozoic Strata in South America, the United States, and British North America454

CHAPTER ⅩⅨ.474

ON THE ORIGINAL FORMATION OF GOLD, AND ITS SUBSEQUENT DISTRIBUTION IN DEBRIS OVER VARIOUS PARTS OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE474

CHAPTER ⅩⅩ.502

Recapitulation.—Silurian Rocks of the Continent compared with those of Britain. —General View of the Succession of Life from its first recognizable Traces.—The Progress of Creation from an Invertebrate Epoch through successive Periods ; the First marked by the addition of Fishes, the next by that of Reptiles, and the Third by that of Mammals.—Theoretical Speculations distinguished from absolute —eological Results.—Conclusion502

APPENDIX.531

A. Table showing the Vertical Range of the Silurian Fossils of Britain531

B. Geology of the North of Scotland553

C. Caithness Flagstones of the Old Red Sandstone560

D. Fossils of the Cambrian Rocks in Ireland561

E. Primordial Zone in the Malvern Hills561

F. Conodonts of Pander562

G. No Vertebrata in the Silurian Rocks of France564

H. Fucoids and Annelide Burrows in the Lower Silurian Rocks of France565

I. Silurian Rocks of the Baltic Russian Provinces and Gothland565

K. Igneous Rocks of the Silurian Region of Britain compared with their German equivalents566

L. Australia567

M. Pteraspis and Pterygotus567

N. Origin of Coal568

O. Permian Fossil Plants570

P. Chemical Analyses showing the absence of Phosphoric Acid in the Rocks below the Silurian Deposits570

Q. The Stagonolepis Robertsoni of the Elgin Sandstone571

R. Additional Fossils in the Lingula Flags of Tremadoc572

S. Additional Notice on the Old Red Sandstone of Morayshire572

T. Devonian Plants of British North America573

U. Foraminifera in Lower Silurian Rocks574

V. Colour retained by Silurian Fossil Shells574

W. Fossil Fishes of the Uppermost Old Red of Fifeshire574

X. Silurian Rocks of Little Ross Island, Kirkcudbright574

INDEX575