《Criminality and Economic Conditions》

PART ONECRITICAL EXPOSITION OF THE LITERATURE DEALING WITH THE RELATION BETWEEN CRIMINALITY AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS1

CHAPTER ⅠTHE PRECURSORS1

AUTHORS WHO TREATED THE SUBJECT BEFORE THE BIRTH OF MODERN CRIMINAL SCIENCE1

Ⅰ. Thomas More1

Ⅱ. Jean Meslier7

Ⅲ. J.J. Rousseau8

Ⅳ. Morelly9

Ⅴ. C. Beccaria10

Ⅵ. S.N.H. Linguet10

Ⅶ. P.H.D. d'Holbach13

Ⅷ. G.B. de Mably14

Ⅸ. J.P. Brissot de Warvillc15

Ⅹ. W. Godwin18

Ⅺ. R. Owen21

Ⅻ. E.Cabet25

ⅩⅢ. F. Engels27

CHAPTER ⅡTHE STATISTICIANS30

Ⅰ. A.M. Guerry30

Ⅱ. Ad. Quetelet31

Ⅲ. Edw.Ducpetiaux33

Ⅳ. L.M. Moreau-Christophc37

Ⅴ. G. Mayr38

Ⅵ. A. Come47

Ⅶ. H. Von Valentini50

Ⅷ. A. Von Oettingen53

Ⅸ. H. Stursberg55

Ⅹ. L. Fuld57

Ⅺ. B. Weisz60

Ⅻ. W. Starke62

ⅩⅢ. Rettich66

ⅩⅣ. A. Meyer68

ⅩⅤ M. Tugan-Baranowsky71

ⅩⅥ. E. Tarnowski73

ⅩⅦ. H. Muller74

ⅩⅧ. Criticism84

CHAPTER ⅢTHE ITALIAN SChOOL88

Ⅰ. C. Lombroso88

Ⅱ. R. Garofalo96

Ⅲ. E. Ferri99

Ⅳ. H. Kurella136

Ⅴ. E. Fornasari di Verce138

Ⅵ. A. Niceforo145

CHAPTER ⅣTHE FRENCH SCHOOL(THE SCHOOL OF THE ENVIRONMENT)148

Ⅰ. A. Lacassague148

Ⅱ. G. Tarde149

Ⅲ. A. Corre161

Ⅲ. L. Manouvrier164

Ⅴ. A. Baer176

CHAPTER ⅤTHE BIO-SOCIALISTS178

Ⅰ. Ad. Prins178

Ⅱ. W.D. Morrison181

Ⅲ. F. Von Liszt187

Ⅳ. P. Nacke190

Ⅴ. Havelock Ellis192

Ⅵ. Carroll D. Wright193

CHAPTER ⅥTHE SPIRITUALISTS199

Ⅰ. H. Joly199

Ⅱ. L. Proal203

Ⅲ. M. de Baets205

Ⅳ. Criticism207

CHAPTER ⅦTHE THIRD SCHOOL AND THE SOCIALISTS210

Ⅰ. F. Turati210

Ⅱ. B. Battaglia214

Ⅲ. N. Colajanni220

Ⅳ. A. Bebel227

Ⅴ. P.Lafarque229

Ⅵ. H. Denis235

Ⅶ. H. Lux237

Ⅷ. P. Hirsch241

CHAPTER Ⅷ CONCLUSIONS244

PART TWOBook Ⅰ THE PRESENT ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND ITS CONSEQUENCES247

CHAPTER Ⅰ THE PRESENT ECONOMIC SYSTEM247

CHAPTER ⅡSOCIAL CONDITION OF THE DIFFERENT CLASSES263

A. The Bourgeoisie263

B. The Petty Bourgeoisie267

C. The Proletariat269

D. The Lower Proletariat275

CHAPTER ⅢTHE RELATION OF THE SEXES AND OF THE FAMILY291

A. Marriage291

B. The Family307

C. Prostitution321

CHAPTER Ⅳ ALCOHOLISM357

CHAPTER Ⅴ MILITARISM374

BOOK ⅡCRIMINALITY377

CHAPTER ⅠGENERAL CONSIDERATIONS377

A. Definition of Crime377

B. The Origin of Egoistic Acts in General381

C. Egoistic Tendencies Resulting from the Present Economic System and its Consequences401

a. The Present Economic System402

b. The Proportion in which the Different Classes are Guilty of Crime436

c. Marriage449

d. The Criminality of Women463

e. The Family478

f. Prostitution504

g. Alcoholism508

h. Militarism516

i. The Penalty519

j. Jmitation528

k. Conclusions532

D. Individual Differences534

E. The Classification of Crime536

CHAPTER Ⅱ　ECONOMIC CRIMES546

A. Vagrancy and Mendicity546

B. Theft and Analogous Crimes563

a. Thefts Committed from Poverty564

b. Theft Committed from Cupidity571

c. Crimes Committed by Professional Criminals579

C. Robbery and Analogous Crimes589

D. Fraudulent Bankruptcy, Adulteration of Food, and Analogous Crimes599

CHAPTER ⅢSEXUAL CRIMES609

A. Adultery609

B. Rape and Indecent Assaults upon Adults612

C. Rape and Indecent Assaults upon Children621

CHAPTER ⅣCRIMES FROM VENGEANCE AND OTHER MOTIVES625

A. Crimes Committed from Vengeance625

B. Infanticide644

CHAPTER Ⅴ POLITICAL CRIMES648

CHAPTER Ⅵ PATHOLOGICAL CRIMES656

CHAPTER Ⅶ CONCLUSIONS667

BIBLIOGRAPHY673

INDEX701