《Essays on the Doctrinal Study of Law》

Part Ⅰ Introduction3

1 The Roman Heritage3

2 Bonus Theoreticus, Malus Practicus?9

Two Classics9

Toward Modern DSL11

The Dual Nature of DSL16

3 What Is the Doctrinal Study of Law?19

The Definition19

DSL and Adjudication19

DSL and Sociology22

Part Ⅱ The Foundations of Legal Thinking27

4 Lawyer's Dilemma27

5 On Language-Games31

Learning Language31

Language-Games32

On Family Resemblance34

Social Dimension of Language35

Direct Experiences and Feelings36

Form of Life37

6 The Foundations of Knowledge39

On Certainty39

The Final Foundations of Knowledge40

The Role of the Form of Life42

7 On the Ontology of Law45

The Standard View45

On the Conventionalist Theory47

Institutional Legal Theory48

On Shared Mutual Beliefs50

8 A Moral Point of View53

Starting Point53

Moral Foundation of Law54

Moral Foundations of Legal Reasoning57

On Moderate Value Relativism57

Prima Faeie vs. all Things Considered59

Summary62

9 The Three Notions of Liberty65

The Traditional View65

The Third Notion of Liberty66

Summary69

Part Ⅲ Between Realism and Idealism73

10 What Is Science?73

A Positivistic View73

On the Criteria of Scienee73

Further Analysis75

Summary76

11 Legal Realism Reinterpreted81

Alf Ross and the Scandinavian Realism81

Ross as a Logical Empiricist83

Realist Ross84

What Is Law?85

On the Ideological Element of the Rossian Theory88

A Critical View90

Ross and Hermeneutics94

12 Outlines of the New Rhetoric95

On the Background95

The Greek Rhetoric97

The Return of Rhetoric99

The Idea of New Rhetoric100

Rhetoric and the Argumentation Theory103

13 Scientific Inference - An Example105

Out of the Cave105

Origin107

Content107

The Interpretation of Archaeological Findings107

The Structure of Reasoning109

What About the Legal Reasoning?112

Part Ⅳ On the Doctrinal Study of Law117

14 From the Constitutional State to the Welfare State117

15 Two Types of Norms119

Starting Point119

On the Strong Demarcation Thesis119

Weak Demarcation Thesis120

A Step Further122

16 The Formal Validity, Efficacy, and Acceptability of Legal Norms125

On the Lexical Meaning of Validity125

Formal Validity125

Efficacy128

Axiologieal Validity129

17 The Procedure of Legal Reasoning131

On the Notion of Interpretation131

Meaning Propositions131

On Justification133

Internal Justification134

External Justification134

The Structure of External Justification137

On the Notion of Rationality139

The Preconditions of Rational Legal Discourse142

On Coherence144

18 The Sources of Law147

The Doctrine of the Sources of Law147

The Normative Status of the Sources of Law150

Strongly Binding Sources151

The Statutes151

Non-national Sources of Law152

Weakly Binding Sources of Law153

The Intention of the Legislator154

Precedents158

Permitted Sources160

Consequential Inference161

On principles as the Source of Law162

19 One Right Answer?165

Final and Right Answer165

Hercules J166

Acceptance and Acceptability170

Majority Principle172

20 On the Systematisation177

The Need for Systematisation177

The Theories in Law178

Reformulation of the System179

21 Change or Development?185

The Standard View185

Outl ines ot the Kuhnian Model185

Kuhn and the Social Sciences191

Matrix of DSL192

Theoretical and Practical DSL195

Change - How and When?196

Bibliography201

Name Index215

Subject Index219