《PRICING AND CAPACITY DETERMINATION IN INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT A LEGAL ANALYSIS》

INTRODUCTION1

CHAPTER 1.THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK7

1.Generalities7

A.Multilateral Regulation9

1.Chicago Conference9

2.Freedoms of the air10

3.Chicago Convention and ancillary instruments14

4.Post-Chicago multilateralism18

5.Preliminary evaluation24

B.Bilateral Regulation24

1.Generalities and historical background24

2.Bermuda 127

3.Post-Bermuda 134

4.Non-scheduled air service agreements38

5.Bermuda 240

6.Liberal bilateral air transport agreements42

7.Preliminary evaluation43

C.National Regulation44

1.Generalities44

2.Implementing legislation44

3.Export of national aviation policy46

4.Regulation and deregulation47

5.The U.S. deregulation movement50

6.Preliminary evaluation56

7.Export of deregulation57

CHAPTER 2.IATA61

1.Generalities61

2.Background of IATA's 1978 reorganization61

A.Organization63

1.Generalities63

2.Membership provisions64

3.Organizational structure in general65

4.Clearing House69

5.IATA Secretariat70

B.Anti-Trust Implications72

1.Generalities72

2.IATA's private,public or quasi-public nature72

3.Composition of IATA member airlines76

4.Character of IATA's functions77

5.IATA:a cartel?78

6.IATA and anti-trust laws81

7.U.S. anti-trust legislation83

8.EEC anti-trust legislation86

C.Activities89

1.Generalities89

2.Traffic Conferences90

3.Procedures Conferences92

4.Tariff Coordinating Conferences:membership94

5.Tariff Coordinating Conferences:terms of reference and voting96

6.Tariff Coordinating Conferences:fares and rates101

7.Tariff Coordinating Conferences:fare/rate construction,agency commission,currency matters,conditions of service104

8.Government approval109

9.Compliance112

10.Preliminary evaluation115

CHAPTER 3.THE UPS AND DOWNS OF NON-IATA AIR TRANSPORTATION117

1.Generalities117

A.Scheduled Transportation118

1.Generalities118

2.Non-IATA scheduled pricing118

3.Government ordered air tariffs121

4.Preliminary evaluation123

B.Charter Transportation123

1.Generalities123

2.Types of charter air services126

3.Charter air tariffs131

4.Preliminary evaluation137

CHAPTER 4.RECENT DEVELOPMENTS139

1.Generalities139

2.Liberal bilateral air transport agreements139

(ⅰ)Generalities139

(ⅱ)Capacity and related matters143

(ⅲ)Tariffs146

(ⅳ)Scheduled air service153

(ⅴ)Charter air service155

3.The CAB Show Cause Order and the U.S.-ECAC agreement157

4.ICAO capacity and tariff studies167

CONCLUSION AND PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE177

APPENDICES183

Ⅰ.Membership of IATA183

Ⅱ.IATA Organization Chart187

Ⅲ.Liberal Bilateral Air Transport Agreements concluded by the U.S.A.189

Ⅳ.U.S.-ECAC Memorandum of Understanding on North Atlantic Air Tariffs191

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY201

INDEX205