《REGIONAL CONTROL OF OCEAN POLLUTION:LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS》

CHAPTER Ⅰ INTRODUCTION1

0.Definition of Pollution6

1.Sources of Pollution13

2.International Measures to Control Pollution of the Sea Originating from Land19

3.Pollution from Ships28

4.System of Enforcement34

5.Pollution Resulting from Exploitation of Marine Mineral Resources49

6.Other Sources of Pollution55

7.Summary58

CHAPTER Ⅱ NATIONAL POWERS TO CONTROL POLLUTION WITHIN AREAS OF NATIONAL JURISDICTION:LAND-BASED;TERRITORIAL SEA;AND ADJACENT ZONE POLLUTION61

1.The Control of Land-Based Pollution63

2.Control of Pollution from the Territorial Sea80

3.Coastal State Control of Pollution within the Adjacent Zone85

(i)Status of the Rule85

(ii)Pollution Control in the Contiguous Zone under the 1958 Convention89

(iii)Coastal State Control of Pollution in a Zone Greater than 12 Miles89

(a)Status of the Rule89

(b)Proposal for an Adjacent Zone97

4.Summary101

CHAPTER Ⅲ NATIONAL POWERS TO REGULATE POLLUTION IN AREAS BEYOND NATIONAL JURISDICTION103

1.Jurisdiction over Vessels of National Registration105

2.Jurisdiction Regarding Ships of Foreign Registration109

(a)The Principle of Objective Territoriality111

(b)The Principle of Self-Defence116

(c)Powers Conferred by Recent Conventions125

(d)Principle of Universality of Jurisdiction128

3.Toward a Regional Approach:An Appraisal140

CHAPTER Ⅳ REGIONAL ORGANIZATION WITH EXCLUSIVE REGULATORY POWERS IN THE SEA BEYOND NATIONAL JURISDICTION165

1.Determination of Regional Boundaries165

2.Criteria for Selecting Members172

3.Functions of the Organization179

(a)To Study and Assess Ocean Environment180

(b)Promulgation of Rules and Standards185

(c)The Scope of the Enforcement Measures198

(d)Settlement of Disputes211

(e)Transfer of Marine Technology, Including Training of Local Experts214

4.Organs of the Regional Organization219

5.Summary227

CHAPTER Ⅴ POWERS OF THE REGIONAL ORGANIZATION IN AREAS OF NATIONAL JURISDICTION231

1.Promulgation of Rules Regarding Pollution in Coastal Waters232

2.Standards Applicable to Land-Based Sources of Pollution236

3.Procedure for Review and Appraisal of Application of Regional Standards243

4.Monitoring of Initiatives by Regional Organization247

5.The Problem of Recalcitrant States248

CHAPTER Ⅵ THE GLOBAL ASPECTS OF THE REGIONAL REGIME251

1.The Global Purview of the Regulations and the Processes of Their Promulgation252

2.Regulations on Trans-Regional Pollution261

CHAPTER Ⅶ SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS265

SUBJECT INDEX275