《SHAWCROSS AND BEAUMONT AIR LAW 1 COMMENTARY TABLES AND INDEX》

Chapter 1 Historical Summary Early flights1

'England no longer an island'2

The war of 1914—19183

Twenty years'truce,1919—19394

Twelve years'practical development5

Twenty years'legal development6

The war of 1939—19457

The Chicago Conference of 19448

The Provisional Civil Aviation Organisation9

The International Civil Aviation Organisation10

The Air Navigation Act 194711

Air legislation between 1945 and 197112

Consolidation,privatisation and Europeanisation—1971 to today13

Speed of law following practice14

Facts to be borne in mind15

Chapter 2 Nature and Sources of International Air Law31

A Nature of international air law31

General31

The nature of international law32

International law and municipal law33

International law: public and private34

The nature of international air law35

B Sources of international air law36

General36

(1)Customary international law Introduction37

Sovereignty38

Jurisdiction39

Responsibility40

Nationality41

(2)Treaties Introduction42

Conclusion of treaties43

1 Form and capacity43

2 Signature,ratification,accession44

3 Reservations45

Application,observance and interpretation of treaties46

1 Territorial application*46+++++2 Observance of treaties47

3 Interpretation48

4 Treaties and third states49

Amendment and modification of treaties50

Invalidity of treaties61

Termination or suspension of treaties62

Depositaries,notifications and registration of treaties63

State succession to treaties64

Reversion of territory:the case of Hong Kong65

1 Continued application of multilateral agreements66

2 Extension from 1 July 1997 of treaties to which China is a party67

3 Localisation of laws68

4 Bilateral agreements69

(3)International air law conventions70

Superseded conventions:Conventions of Paris,Madrid and Havana70

The Chicago Agreements71

1 The Final Act72

2 The Interim Agreement73

3 The Chicago Convention74

The European Community and the Chicago Convention75

Conventions on international carriage by air76

1 The Warsaw Convention 192976

2 The Hague Protocol 195577

3 The Guadalajara Convention 196178

4 The Montreal Agreement 196679

5 The Guatemala Protocol 197180

6 The Montreal Additional Protocols 197591

7 The Montreal Convention 199991

International conventions on surface damage92

1 The Rome Convention 193392

2 The Rome Convention 195293

International conventions on crimes relating to aircraft and airports94

1 The Tokyo Convention 196394

2 The Hague Convention 197095

3 The Montreal Convention 197196

4 The Montreal Convention 199197

European conventions98

1 The Paris Multilateral Agreement 195698

2 The Paris Multilateral Agreement 196099

3 The Eurocontrol Convention 1960100

4 The Paris Agreement 1967101

5 The Brussels Multilateral Agreement 1981102

6 The Paris Agreements 1987103

Other international air law conventions104

1 The Rome Convention 1933104

2 The Brussels Convention 1938105

3 The London Convention 1939106

4 The Geneva Convention 1948107

5 The Cape Town Convention and Protocol 2001107

(4)International tribunals Introduction108

The International Court of Justice109

1 General jurisdiction110

2 Special appellate jurisdiction121

The European Court of Justice122

The Council of ICAO123

1 General123

2 Jurisdiction to decide disagreements124

3 Jurisdiction to hear complaints125

4 Jurisdiction over other disputes126

Special arbitral tribunals127

Chapter 3 Conflict of Laws Considerations171

A Territorial divisions and air law171

'English'air law171

The Channel Islands172

The Isle of Man173

British dependent territories174

The Commonwealth175

B Jurisdiction of the English courts176

Jurisdiction in civil actions176

1 Service or submission176

2 Forum non conveniens177

3 Anti-suit injunctions178

4 Service out of the jurisdiction179

5 Aviation cases180

6 Brussels and Lugano Convention cases181

State immunity182

Jurisdiction in criminal cases183

C United States jurisdictional principles184

Personal jurisdiction184

Subject matter jurisdiction185

Federal pre-emption186

United States development of forum non conveniens187

1 Principles187

2 Major disaster litigation:the Bhopal case188

3 Forum non conveniens in United States aviation litigation189

4 Some illustrative cases190

5 Nature of the claim201

6 Remedies in the alternative forum202

7 Public interest factors203

Sovereign immunity204

D Choice of law205

Introduction205

Contract206

1 The governing law206

2 Particular issues207

3 Contracts of carriage208

Torts209

1 Governing law209

2 Torts in aircraft210

Relationship of contract and torts211

Criminal law212

Statutes and extra-territoriality213

1 General principles213

2 Extra-territoriality in aviation legislation214

E Statutes and international conventions215

Introduction215

Where the text of the convention is not reproduced216

Where the Act gives effect to the English text217

Where the Act gives effect to a foreign-language text218

F European Communities law219

Chapter 4 Applicable General Principles of English Law261

Introduction261

A Liability in torts262

Negligence262

1 Principles of liability in negligence262

2 Scope of negligence in aviation cases263

3 Regulatory agencies264

4 Nervous shock265

5 Title to sue in case of damage to property266

Res ipsa loquitur267

Employer's liability for defective equipment268

Contributory negligence269

1 Principles269

2 Failure on the part of the plaintiff270

3 Causation271

4 Apportionment of damage272

Voluntary assumption of risk273

1 Volenti non fit injuria273

2 Relevance to aviation cases274

3 Rescue cases275

Breach of statutory duty276

Trespass277

1 Liability in trespass277

2 Relevance to aviation cases278

Nuisance279

1 Liability in nuisance279

2 Qualification as plaintiff280

3 Nuisance and negligence291

Rylands v Fletcher,strict liability292

1 The principle292

2 Defences293

B Acts or omissions of employees or independent contractors294

Employees or servants294

1 Liability294

2 Who is a servant?295

3 The scope of employment296

4 Aviation cases297

Independent contractors298

C Contractual terms299

Introduction299

Formation of the contract:the ticket cases300

Exemption or exclusion clauses:deviation301

Privity302

The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977303

1 Generally303

2 The requirement of reasonableness304

3 Aviation cases305

EC Directive on unfair terms in consumer contracts306

D Damages307

General principles307

Personal injury and death308

1 Personal injury cases308

2 Fatal accident cases309

Loss or damage to property310

Duty of plaintiff to mitigate damages321

Remoteness of damage322

1 Tort cases322

2 Contract cases323

E Contribution324

Persons liable in respect of the same damage324

Contribution325