《Operative Surgery Volume II Sixth Edition》

VOLUME Ⅱ715

CHAPTER 46 ABDOMINAL INCISIONS＆BY BEN JAMIN W．RAWLES，JR715

Introduction715

Types of Incisions716

Abdominal Incisions for Gynecologic Operations725

Management of Contaminated Wounds and Drainage Methods728

Wound Separation and Evisceration729

Closure of Disrupted Wound730

CHAPTER 47 ACUTE CONDITIONS OF THE ABDOMEN＆BY CARRINGTON WILLIAMS，JR731

Introduction731

Conditions Simulating Abdominal Emergencies732

Differential Diagnosis733

Acute Appendicitis734

Acute Cholecystitis735

Perforated Peptic Ulcer736

Acute Pancreatitis737

Intestinal Obstruction738

Visceral Injuries739

Gynecologic and Obstetric Conditions741

Abdominal Apoplexy741

Miscellaneous Conditions742

Technic of Exploration744

CHAPTER 48 PERITONITIS＆BY CARRINGTON WILLIAMS，JR746

Anatomy and Histology746

Physiology748

Pathology750

Clinical Picture751

Localized Peritonitis752

Generalized Peritonitis752

Treatment753

Special Types of Peritonitis753

Mortality and Prognosis754

Intraperitoneal Abscesses755

Pelvic Abscesses755

Intra-abdominal Abscesses756

Subdiaphragmatic Abscesses756

CHAPTER 49 GASTROPTOSIS；RESECTION OF VAGUS NERVES；CONGENITAL PYLORIC STENOSIS＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY758

Gastroptosis758

Resectiono f the Vagus Nerves762

Congenital Pyloric Stenosis763

CHAPTER 50 HOURGLASS CONTRACTION OF THE STOMACH；GASTROTOMY；GASTROSTOMY＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY767

Hourglass Contraction of the Stomach767

Gastrotomy767

Gastrostomy769

CHAPTER 51 GASTROENTEROSTOMY；PYLOROPLASTY＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY781

Gastroenterostomy781

Pyloroplasty796

CHAPTER 52 THE BILLROTH I TYPE OF PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY805

History805

Physiologic Basis for This Operation806

A Modification of the Billroth I partial Gastrectomy (Horsley)807

The Finney-Haberer Modification of the Billroth I Partial Gastrectomy817

CHAPTER 53 THE BILLROTH Ⅱ TYPE OF PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY；TOTAL GASTRECTOMY；THE DEVINE OPERATION＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY821

The Polya Modification of the Billroth Ⅱ Partial Gastrectomy821

The Hofmeister Modification of the Billroth Ⅱ Partial Gastrectomy825

The Roux Technic for Partial Gastrectomy827

Total Gastrectomy828

The Devine Operation831

CHAPTER 54 JEJUNAL OR GASTROJEJUNAL ULCER＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY834

Etiology834

Disconnecting a Gastroenterostomy836

The Operation of Estes838

Jejunal Ulcer Following Partial Gastrectomy838

Resection of the Gastric Vagus Nerves840

Jejunostomy840

Jejunocolic Fistula841

CHAPTER 55 OPERATIONS ON THE SMALL INTESTINES＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY843

Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations843

Healing of Intestinal Wounds844

Intestinal Suturing845

Corpostasis849

Intestinal Fistula849

Duodenotomy853

Duodenjojejunostomy854

CHAPTER 56 OPERATIONS ON THE SMALL INTESTINES (CONTINUED)＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY857

Intestinal Perforations and Wounds857

Diverticula859

Enterostomy862

CHAPTER 57 OPERATIONS ONT HE SMALL INTESTINES (CONTINUED)＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY875

Resection and Union of the Small Intestine875

Drainage882

CHAPTER 58 APPENDECTOMY．ABDOMINAL INCISION；TREATMENT OF THE STUMP；APPENDICEAL ABSCESS AND PERITONITIS＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY883

CHAPTER 59 NONMALIGNANT CONDITIONS OF THE COLON＆BY CARRINGTON WILLIAMS AND CARRINGTON WILLIAMS，JR895

Megacolon (Hirschsprung＇s Disease)895

Diverticulitis899

Volvulus of the Sig|moid Colon902

Intussusception903

Polyps and Polyposis903

Bengin and Inflammatory Tumors904

Ulcerative Colitis905

CHAPTER 60 OPERATIONS ON THE COLON AND RECTUM＆BY CARRINGTON WILLIAMS908

General Principles908

Preoperative Preparation909

Anesthesia910

Operability910

The Choice of Operative Procedures911

Colostomy912

Resection of Right Colon；End-to-Side Anastomosis；Ileocolostomy918

Resection of the Transverse and Left Colon922

Resection of the Rectosigmoid926

Carcinoma of the Rectum929

CHAPTER 61 OPERATIONS FOR NONMALIGNANT DISEASES OF THE RECTUM AND ANUS＆BY ROBERT V．TERRELL934

Hemorrhoids934

Injection Treatment937

Hemorrhoidectomy938

Rectal Prolapse and Procidentia942

Pruritus Ani945

Foreign Bodies946

Benign Rectal Stricture947

Anal Papillitis and Cryptitis947

Anal Fissure949

Anal Stenosis950

Abscesses951

Anal Fistula953

Blasidell Method of Repair of the Incontinent Sphincter Ani955

Bengin Tumors958

CHAPTER 62 THE LIVER，GALL BLADDER，AND BILE TRACTS＆BY BENJAMIN W．RAWLES，JR961

Prolapse of the Liver961

Tumors and Cysts of the Liver961

Wounds of the Liver962

Abscesses of the Liver962

Subphrenic Abscess964

Cholecystectomy967

Cholecystotomy971

Cholecystostomy971

Choledochotomy and Chole|dochostomy972

Cholecystenterostomy975

Stricture of the Common Duct976

Portal Hypertension984

CHAPTER 63 THE PANCREAS AND SPLEEN＆BY BENJAMIN W．RAWLES，JR992

The Pancreas992

The Spleen1002

CHAPTER 64 OPERATIONS FOR FRACTURES＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR1008

Principles of Treatment1008

Methods of Traction1010

Open Reduction1014

Compound Fractures1027

Nonunion1029

Reconstruction Operations of the Hip1034

Leg Length Equalization1042

Malunion of the Radius1050

Osteotomy1052

Removal of the Coccyx1054

CHAPTER 65 OPERATIONS ON TENDONS＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR1056

Repair of Old Injuries1056

Tenotomies and Tendon Lengthening1064

Torticollis1067

Tendon Transference1071

CHAPTER 66 OPERATIONS ON JOINTS＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR1082

Aspiration and Drainage of Joints1082

Arthrotomy in the Nonseptic Joint1086

Arthroplasty1105

Arthrodesing and Stabilizing Operations1112

CHAPTER 67 PYOGENIG OSTEOMYELITIS；BURSITIS；INGROWING HAIL；BUNIONS AND HALLUX VALGUS；HAMMERTOE＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR1135

Osteomyelitis1135

Bursitis1142

Ingrowing Nail1144

Bunions and Hallux Valgus1144

Hammertoe1152

CHAPTER 68 GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING AMPUTATIONS；AMPUTATIONS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR1154

General Principles1154

Care of Bone Ends1156

Closure of Amputated Stump1157

The Level of Amputation1158

Plastic Repair and Reamputation1158

Fingers1160

Thumb1163

Hand1164

Forearm1165

Upper Arm1168

Shoulder1170

Forequarter1173

Cineplastic Operations1173

CHAPTER 69 AMPUTATIONS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR1178

General Principles1178

Toes1180

Lower Leg1184

Thigh1187

Hip Joint1190

Hindquarter1192

The Care of Stumps1198

CHAPTER 70 THE KINDEY AND URETER＆BY AUSTIN I．DODSON1200

General Considerations1200

The Kidney1200

Operations on the Kidneys1202

Hydronephrosis1221

Operations Upon the Adrenal Gland1224

The Ureter1228

CHAPTER 71 THE BLADDER AND URETHRA＆BY AUSTIN I．DODSON1244

The Bladder1244

The Urethra1260

CHAPTER 72 THE PROSTATE GLAND＆BY AUSTIN I．DODSON1267

Pathology1267

Clinical Course in Prostatic Obstruction1268

Postoperative Treatment1270

Choice of Treatment1270

Transurcthral Resection1272

Prostatectomy1277

Carcinoma of Prostate1294

CHAPTER 73 THE SEMINAL VESICLES，VAS DEFERENS，TESTICLE，TUNICA VAGINALIS，AND SPERMATIC CORD＆BY AUSTIN I．DODSON1298

The Seminal Vesicles1298

Vas Deferens1299

Tuberculosis of the Epididymis1302

The Testicle1304

Hydrocele1309

Varicocele1310

CHAPTER 74 THE PENIS＆BY AUSTIN I．DODSON1313

Circumcision1313

Epispadias1315

Hypospadias1319

Amputation of the Penis1329

Block Dissection of Inguinal and Femoral Areas1331

CHAPTER 75 THE VULVA＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE1336

Operations on the Vulvovaginal (Bartholin) Gland1336

Simple Vulvectomy1338

Radical Vulvectomy1340

CHAPTER 76 THE VAGINA．OPERATIONS FOR MALFORMATIONS；OPERATIONS ON THE POSTERIOR WALL；OPERATIONS ON THE ANTERIOR WALL＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE1346

Stenoses and Atresias of the Vulva and Vagina1346

Methods of Treating Absence of the Vagina1347

Technic of Construction of Vagina1348

Perineorrhaphy1350

Repair of Rectocele：Posterior Colporrhaphy1354

Repair of Enterocele1354

Repair of Complete Perineal Laceration1354

Repair of Rectovaginal Fistula1356

Posterior Colpotomy1359

Cystocele1361

Urethrocele and Stress Incontinence1365

CHAPTER 77 THE VAGINA (CONTINUED)．OPERATIONS FOR UTERINE PROLAPSE＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE1369

Introduction1369

Manchester Operation1370

Vaginal Hysterectomy1373

The Spalding-Richardson Composite Operation1378

Watkins Interposition Operation1378

Le Fort Colpocleisis1380

CHAPTER 78 UTERINE CERVIX．CURETTAGE AND OPERATIONS FOR BENION LESIONS＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE1382

Dilatation of the Cervix1382

Curettage of the Uterus1382

Biopsy of the Cervix1385

Treatment of Erosions，Polyps，Cysts，and Chronic Infections of the Cervix1385

Sturmdorf Tracheloplasty1385

Amputation of the Cervix1386

Conization1386

CHAPTER 79 THE UTERUS．TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX；TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE ENDOMETRIUM＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE1389

Carcinoma of the Cervix1389

Treatment of Carcinoma of the Endometrium1403

CHAPTER 80 THE UTERUS (CONTINUED)．INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC OPERATIONS FOR BENIGN Lesions＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE1408

Hysterectomy1408

Suspension of Uterus1419

Resection of the Superior Hypogastric Plexus1424

CHAPTER 81 THE OVARIES＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE1430

Infections1430

Benign Neoplasms1431

Malignant Tumors1432

Endometriosis1433

Disposition of Homolateral Tube1434

Technic of Resection of the Ovary1434

Technic of Enucleation of Cyst of Ovary1435

Technic of Oophorectomy1435

Technic of Salpingo-oophorectomy1435

CHAPTER 82 THE FALLOPIAN TUBES＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE1440

Indications for Operations on the Fallopian Tubes1440

Inflammations of the Tube1440

Malignant Tumors of the Tube1441

Tubal Pregnancy1441

Technic of Salpingectomy1441

Operations for Correction of Sterility1441

Sterilization1442

CHAPTER 83 THE HEAD．INJURIES AND INFECTIONS＆BY CHARLES E．TROLAND1446

Introduction1446

Anatomical and Physiological Considerations1446

The Scalp1447

Fractures of the Skull1449

Penetrating Wounds of the Brain1453

Extra|dural Hemorrhage1453

Subdural Hematoma1455

Subtemporal Decompression1457

Cranial Defects1461

Infections1462

General Care of Head Injuries1466

CHAPTER 84 THE CRANIAL NERVES＆BY CHARLES E．TROLAND1468

The Fifth Nerve1468

The Seventh Nerve1473

CHAPTER 85 SPINAL CORD＆BY CHARLES E．TROLAND1480

Anatomical and Physiological Consideration1480

Injuries1481

Infections1485

Congenital Malformations of the Vertebral Canal1487

The Intervertebral Disc Syndrome1491

CHAPTER 86 SURGERY OF PERIPHERAL NERVES＆BY CHARLES E．TROLAND1494

Anatomical and Physiological Considerations1494

Examination in Nerve Injuries1495

General Principles of Nerve Repair1495

Treatment of Specific Nerve Lesions1501

CHAPTER 87 SURGERY OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM＆BY CHARLES E．TROLAND1507

Introduction1507

Anatomical and Physiological Considerations1507

Superior Cervical Ganglionectomy1508

Thoracic Sympathectomy1510

Thoracolumbar Sympathectomy1515

Lumbar Sympathectomy1519

Sympathetic Blocks1521