《Principles Of Bone X-Ray Diangosis》求取 ⇩
作者 | 编者 |
---|---|
出版 | Butterworth & Co.(Publishers) Ltd. |
参考页数 | 178 ✅ 真实服务 非骗流量 ❤️ |
出版时间 | 1960(求助前请核对) 目录预览 |
ISBN号 | 无 — 违规投诉 / 求助条款 |
PDF编号 | 812525438(学习资料 勿作它用) |
求助格式 | 扫描PDF(若分多册发行,每次仅能受理1册) |
1ALTERATIONS IN BONE SHAPE1
Generalized alterations in shape1
Achondroplasia1
Osteogenesis imperfecta (fragilitas ossium)2
Chondro-osteodystrophy3
Acromegaly4
Muscular paralysis5
Regional alterations in shape5
Congenital growth defects6
Craniocleidodysostosis6
Arachnodactyly6
Club foot6
Gross failurein the development of the hands or feet6
Congenital wedge-shaped and supernumerary vertebra6
Spina bifida6
Fusion of vertebral bodies8
Regional deformities due to disease6
Deformity of vertebral bodies8
Faulty modelling of the long bones9
Deformity following epiphyseal damage9
Local bony protuberance9
Exostosis9
External chondroma12
Local bone deficiency12
Collapse of a single vertebra13
Spinal osteoporosis with collapse of a single vertebra13
Vertebral osteochondritis13
Xanthomatous deposit14
Traumatic and post-traumatic collapse14
Hydatid cyst14
Neoplastic secondary deposit15
Secondary deposit with disc intrusion15
Benign tumour15
Paget's disease15
Developmental defect16
Tuberculous lession with vertebral collapse16
Deformity from softening of the bones17
The pelvis17
The long bones18
2ALTERATIONS IN THE POSITION OF A BONE19
Congenital elevation of the scapulae19
Depressed sternum19
Genu valgus19
Spondylolisthesis20
Congenital dislocation of the hip22
Displaced patella24
Congenital dislocation of the talus24
Scoliosis24
3ABNORMALITIES IN THE REGION OF THE EPIPHYSES26
Alteration in the maturity of the epiphyses26
Acceleration of epiphyseal maturity26
Retardation of epiphyseal maturity27
Acceleration or retardation of epiphyseal fusion28
Generalized alteration in the appearance of the epiphyses28
Developmental defects29
Chondro-osteodystrophy29
Gargoylism30
Dyschondroplasia or chondrodystrophy30
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (chondrodysplasia)31
Endocrine epiphyseal defects32
Hypothyroidism (cretinism)32
Dietetic epiphyseal disorders32
Rickets32
Scurvy34
Heavy metal deposition in the metahyseal region35
Abnormality of a single epiphyseal region36
Osteochondritis of the femoral head (Perthes' disease)36
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis (adolescent coxa vara)37
Osteochondritis of the tibial tuberosity (Osgood-Schlatter's disease)38
Osteochondritis of a metatarsal epiphysis39
Osteochondritis of the navicular (Kohler's disease)39
Osteochondritis of the primary centre of a vertebral body (Calvé)39
Osteochondritis of the secondary centre of a vertebral body (Scheuermann's disease)40
Uncommon sites of epiphyseal fragmentation (osteochondritis,epiphysitis)40
4INCREASES IN BONE DENSITY42
Generalized increase in bone density42
Developmental osteopetrosis42
Developmental osteopoikilosis44
Secondary deposits44
Myelosclerosis46
Renal osteosclerosis46
Hypervitaminosis48
Fluorosis48
Paget's disease48
Increase in density of a single vertebra48
Secondary deposit of carcinoma48
Hodgkin's disease48
Paget's disease49
Local vascular disorder49
Low-grade chronic osteomyelitis50
Benign tumour or developmental defect50
Primary bone sarcoma50
Isolated increase in bone density in a limb bone,rib or pelvis50
Developmental defect50
Deep bone infarct50
Healing cyst52
Avascular necrosis or osteochondritis52
Dense lunate52
Dense talus or scaphoid52
Dense patella52
Dense femoral head53
dense terminal phalanx53
Secondary deposit53
Sclerosing osteitis and sarcoma53
Condensans ilii54
Isolated increase in density in the skull or facial bones54
Anatomical variations54
Hyperostosis frontalis55
Meningioma56
Inflammatory lesion56
Secondary deposit56
Leontiasis ossea56
Paget's disease56
5NEW BONE AND CALCIFICATION OUTSIDE THE CORTEX (PERIOSTEAL SHADOW OR PERIOSTITIS)57
Post-traumatic periosteal shadow58
Non-traumatic haematoma58
Stress fracture and fatigue fracture59
Inflammatory conditions61
Pyogenic or typhoid bone infections61
Syphilitic bone lesions61
Tuberculous bone lesions61
Fungus infections of bone62
Benign neoplasm62
Osteoid osteoma62
Malignant neoplasm62
Vascular disorders63
Varicose veins and arterial occlusion63
Pulmonary osteoarthropathy63
Idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy64
Melorheostosis (Leri)64
Diaphyseal dysplasia (Engelmann)64
6WIDESPREAD AND REGIONAL DECREASES IN BONE DENSITY65
Introduction65
Widespread even decalcification66
Endocrine disorders66
Cushing's syndrome66
Cortisone therapy67
Late stage acromegaly68
Hyperthyroidism68
Ovarian agenesia and eunuchoidism68
Old age68
Dietetic deficiencies68
Calcium and phosphorus68
Vitamin D68
Vitamin C69
Protein69
Alimentary tract disorders69
Osteomalacia from deficient fat and vitamin D assimilation69
Looser zone or Milkman fracture in osteomalacia69
Metabolic disorders-renal osteodystrophy70
Haemopoietic diseases71
Leukaemia in children71
Leukaemia in adults73
Histiocytosis (Gaucher's disease)73
Myelomatosis73
Coarsened trabecular pattern associated with decalcification73
Hyperparathyroidism73
Hypoparathyroidism75
Sickle-cell (Cooley's) anaemia75
Alimentary tract disorders75
Patchy decalcification77
Secondary neoplasm and myelomatosis77
Old age78
Haemopoietic diseases79
Decreased bone density in one region or group of bones79
Spinal decalcification79
Disuse and sepsis decalcification of part of a limb81
7A TRANSLUCENT AREA IN A BONE83
Introduction83
Well-demarcated translucent area within a bone83
Simple cysts of uncertain aetiology83
Osteitis fibrosa cystica (in hyperparathyroidism)85
Developmental defects86
Fibrous dysplasia87
Non-osteogenic fibroma (fibrous metaphyseal defect)88
Chondromyxoid fibroma89
Chondroblastoma89
Aneurysmal bone cyst89
Tuberose sclerosis (Mesodermal dysplasia)89
Arterio-venous aneurysm90
Haemangioma90
Chondroma or hamartoma90
Neurofibromatosis92
Tumours92
Osteoclastoma92
Solitary plasmacytoma92
Secondary deposit92
Granulomas94
Xanthomatous granuloma94
Non-specific granuloma95
Histiocytosis (Gaucher's disease)95
Sarcoid95
Infective conditions96
Tuberculosis96
Pyogenic infection97
Fungoid infection97
Yaws97
Hydatid cysts97
Post-traumatic cyst-like translucency97
Haemophilia with haemorrhagic bone cyst97
Cyst-like translucency in association with arthritis97
Well-demarcated translucent area with cortical thinning and gross bone expansion98
Simple cyst of uncertain origin98
Hyperparathyroidism (osteitis fibrosa cystica)99
Developmental defects100
Monostotic fibrous dysplasia100
Giant-cell tumour variants100
Chondroma100
Neoplasm101
Osteoclastoma101
Solitary plasmacytoma102
Secondary deposit102
Infection102
Well-demarcated erosion of the surface of a bone104
Pressure erosion104
Pressure from occupation104
Pressure from an aneurysm104
Pressure from a neurilemmoma,ganglioneuroma or dilated intercostal arteries105
Intervertebral disc intrusion (schmorl node)105
Developmental defect and implantation dermoid105
Urate deposit105
Surface absorption of the tip of a terminal phalanx105
Pyogenic infection105
Leprosy105
Trauma106
Vascular disorders106
Neuropathic disorders107
Developmental defect107
Articular cortex surface erosion-osteochondritis dissecans108
Poorly-demarcated translucent area within the bone108
Malignant neoplasm-primary bone or secondary deposit109
Fibrous dysplasia110
Haemangioma110
Xanthomatous granuloma110
Tuberculous lesion111
Poorly-demarcated erosion of the surface of a bone111
Malignant neoplasm111
Xanthomatous granuloma112
Tuberculosis113
A translucent area in the vault of the skull113
Anatomical variations113
Depression for a Pacchionian body113
Emissary veins114
Diploic venous pool114
Congenital parietal foramen114
Developmental defects114
Meningocoele114
Fibrous dysplasia114
Haemangioma114
Intradiploic dermoid and epidermoid114
Extracranial dermoid114
Acquired lesions115
Post traumatic cyst-like area115
Post radiation necrosis115
Hyperparathyroidism115
Xanthomatosis granuloma115
Infective conditions115
Direct trauma115
Secondary deposit115
Response to an intracranial lesion116
Meningioma116
Direct invasion from scalp neoplasm116
Rodent ulcer116
Carcinoma116
8COMBINATION OF SHADOWS117
Periosteal opacity and erosion117
Pyogenic inflammation117
Tuberculous inflammation121
Syphilis121
Fungus infection123
Actinomycosis123
Madura foot124
Blastomycosis124
Coccidioidomycosis124
Cysts and inocent tumours124
Malignant neoplasm124
Malignant bone tumours with much erosion124
Malignant bone tumours with much calcification127
Malignant bone tumours with much periosteal new bone128
Differential diagnosis129
Periosteal shadow and sclerosis130
Low-grade chronic osteomyelitis131
Diaphyseal dysplasia (Engelmann)131
Osteoid osteoma132
Syphilis132
Malignant neoplasm132
Periosteal opacity with erosion and sclerosis132
Chronic osteomyelitis132
Sequestra in osteomyelitis132
Chronic localized bone abscess133
Osteoid oesteoma133
Malignant neoplasm134
9ALTERATIONS IN THE BONE ARCHITECTURE135
Paget's disease135
Paget's disease and sarcoma of bone137
10ALTERATIONS IN JOINT SPACE (ARTHRITIS) AND ASSOCIATED BONE CHANGES139
Introduction139
The diminished joint space139
Associated bone changes139
Difficulties of classification139
Arthritis of known cause140
Pyogenic arthritis (septic arthritis)140
Gonococcal arthritis141
Virus arthritis141
Tuberculous arthritis141
Haemophilia with arthritis (haemorrhage into a joint)145
Arthritis of unknown cause145
Classical rheumatoid arthritis145
Unusual manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis148
Unusual distribution of affected joints148
Unusual age of onset149
Milder type of lesion149
Unusual radiographic appearances150
Arthritis in association with other diseases150
Arthritis with psoriasis151
Arthritis with ulcerative colitis151
Arthritis with non-specific urethritis152
Arthritis with rheumatic fever152
Arthritis with systemic lupus erythematosus152
Ankylosing spondylitis152
Arthritis of partly-known origin154
Degenerative or osteoarthritis154
Intra-articular loose bodies156
Neuropathic arthritis157
Metabolic defect with arthritis157
11SOME HINTS ON χ-RAY TECHNIQUE159
Plain radiographs159
To acquire good detail159
To acquire good contrast159
Measurement of bone length159
Tomography160
Selection and spacing of layers160
Simultaneous multisection tomography160
Value oftomography161
Injection of simuses163
Avoidance of excessive radiation163
12BONE IN UNUSUALSITES AND CALCIFICATIONS IN OR NEAR A JOINT164
Bone in muscle and tendons164
Ossification in a tendon164
Myositis ossificans164
Calcifications in structures or near a joint164
Calcification in a joint cartilage164
Calcification in a joint capsule165
Calcification in a joint ligament165
Calcification in the supraspinatus tendon165
Calification near the finger joints166
Calcification in tuberculous synovitis166
Calcification in a bursa over a joint or a synovial cyst166
APPENDIX167
REFERENCES170
INDEX171
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