《History Of The Sikhs 1739-1768》求取 ⇩

Ⅰ．SIKH PLUNDERING BANDS，1739-451

Introductory1

The Sikhs take advantage of Nadir＇s invasion2

Sikhs rob Nadir＇s rear5

Restoration of order after Nadir＇s departure6

Persecution of the Sikhs7

Sikh life in exile10

Sikhs begin to visit Amritsar13

Government policy of relaxa-tion14

Zakariya Khan dies16

appoint-ment of Punjab viceroy delayed17

Sikhs revive their strength18

Sikhs organize themselves into regular plundering bands20

Ⅱ．THE DAL KHALSA，1745-4824

The Sikh aggressions24

Jaspat Rai＇s murder by the Sikhs25

Lakhpat Rai＇s massacre of the Sikhs26

Civil war between Zakariya Khan＇s sons31

Recovery of strength by the Sikhs33

The Sikhs build the fort of Ram Rauni at Amritsar35

Shahnawaz Khan＇s Government37

First Durrani campaign38

Peaceful progress of the Sikhs43

Sikhs fall upon ther etreating Afghans45

The Dal Khalsa established46

Constitution of the Dal Khalsa52

Ⅲ．THE SIKHS AND MUIN-UL-MULK，APRIL 1748-NOVEMBER 175357

Muin-ul-mulk takes charge of the Govern-ment of the Punjab57

Muin＇s difficulties in his new government58

Punitive expedi-tions against the Sikhs59

Siege of Ram Rauni Fort60

Sikhs settle down to a peaceful life62

Muin-ul-mulk＇s precau-tionary measures62

Sikhs plunder Lahore during the second Durrani invasion63

Renewal of Sikh persecution65

Nasir Khan＇s rebellion66

Revoit of Shahnawaz Khan67

Renovation of Sikh oppression69

The Sikhs are driven out of the Punjab plains70

The third Durrani invasion72

Punjab lost to the Mughal Empire74

The Durrani conquers Kashmir76

Sikh ravages76

Persecution of the Sikhs renewed78

Swelling of the Dal Khalsa82

Death of Muin-ul-mulk83

Ⅳ．THE＂RAKHI＂SYSTEM，NOVEMBER 1753-APRIL 175784

Sikhs are left unhampered84

Baby rule and petticoat government provided for the Punjab84

Death of Muhammad Amin Khan and the Begam＇s profligacy85

Eunuchs＇rule at Lahore87

Revolts and counter-revolts in Lahore87

Dissolution of government in the Punjab89

Rapid rise of the Sikhs90

The establishment of the＂Rakhi＂System93

The fourth Durrani invasion95

Sikh lawlessness99

Ⅴ．THE SIKHS AMD TIMUR SHAH，MAY 1757-MAY 1758102

Introductory102

Sikhs are disturbed in their quiet progress103

Jahan Khan＇s fight with the Sikhs104

Sodhi Barbhag Singh of Kartarpur belaboured108

The Sikhs concert a plan of action117

Defeat of the Afghans by Adina Beg and the Sikhs110

The Sikhs baffle the Afghans112

The Maratha invasion of the Punjab113

The fall of Sirhind114

Expulsion of the Afghans from the Punjab115

Myth of Sikh occupation of Lahore in 1758120

Ⅵ．BEGINNING OF TERRITORIAL ACQUISI-TION，JUNE 1758-OCTOBER 1759121

Adina Beg Khan fights the Sikhs121

Sadiq Beg Khan of Sirhind defeats the Sikhs124

Adina Beg Khan dies125

Anarchy in the Punjab126

Settling of the Sikhs as territorial chieftains130

Ⅶ．PEACEFUL PROGRESS OF THE MALWA SIKHS UNDER ALHA SINGH，1739-1761133

Origin of the Malwa chiefs133

Progress under Alha Singh133

Alha Singh helps the Imperialists135

Extension of territories136

Aid to the Delhi Emperor137

Change of policy137

Alha Singh helps the Marathas at Panipat138

Alha Singh receives a rescript from the Durrani139

Ⅷ．SIKHS TAKE LAHORE AND COIN MONEY，OCTOBER 1759-DECEMBER 1761141

The Durrani-Maratha struggle140

Conse-quences of the battle145

The appearance of numerous Sikh forts in the Punjab146

The Sikhs attack Lahore148

The Sikhs harass the Durrani149

Administrative arrangements made by the Durrani150

Sikhs spread havoc all over the Punjab151

Abdali＇s general Nur-ud-din is defea-ted by the Sikhs153

Khwajah Abed defeated and routed by the Sikhs at Gujranwala155

Capture of the Capital and coining of money157

Ⅸ．＂GHALLU GHARA＂AND AFTER，JANUARY-DECEMBER 1762159

The Sikhs besiege Jandiala159

Great＂Ghallu Ghara＂160

Alha Singh is taken prisoner165

Sacred buildings of the Sikhs at Amritsar are destroyed167

Abdali stays in the Punjab168

Abdali re-conquers Kashmir169

Sikhs run to Malwa where they are maltreated by the Brar Jats170

The Sikh feelings：the alloy is gone and the purified Khalsa remains171

The Sikhs attack Zain Khan172

The Durrani is baffled by the Sikhs173

Confusion caused in the country by the Sikhs174

Sikhs muster strong in the neighbourhood of Karnal174

Abdali fails in dispersing the Sikhs from Amritsar175

Ahmad Shah leads an expedition against the Sikhs towards the Lakhi Jungle179

Shah leaves for Afghanistan180

Ⅹ．THE CONQUEST OF THE SIRHIND PROVINCE，JANUARY 1763-JANUARY 1764182

The exploits of the Sikhs182

Sack of Kasur183

The Jullundur Doab is over run185

Jahan Khan is defeated on the Chenab185

Malerkotla is laid waste186

Plunder and massacre of Morandah187

Fall of Sirhind189

Partition of Sirhind territory192

Possessions of the various Misls195

Ⅺ．SIKH RAVAGES IN THE PUNJAB AND GANGETIC DOAB，FEBRUARY 1764-JANUARY 1765197

First Sikh raid into the Gangetic Doab197

The Sikhs intimidate Kabuli Mal，the Lahore Governor198

Jahan Khan is routed200

Ahmad Shah is harassed at Batala，Jandiala and Lahore201

Charat Singh takes Rohtas202

Sarbuland Khan is taken captive203

The Sikhs ravage south-westem Punjab204

Second Sikh invasion across the Jumna206

Sikh-Jat alliance against Najib-ud-daulah207

The Sikh-Rohila eontest outside Delhi208

Ⅻ．SIKHS MOLEST THE DURRANI DURING HIS EIGHTH CAMPAIGN，DECEMBER 1764-MARCH 1765211

Ahmad Shah Durrani reaches Lahore211

Ahmad Shah destroys Amritsar212

Ahmad Shah＇s march to Batala213

The battle of the Jullundur Doab214

Ahmad Shah advances to Kunjpura via Pinjor215

Plans for crushing the Sikhs dropped215

Alha Singh＇s submission to the Durrani216

Beginning of the pitched battles of the Sikhs218

The battle of the Sutlej218

Second day＇s fight with the Sikhs220

The battle of the Beas222

Ahmad Shah leaves India223

Possessions of the Sikh chiefs224

ⅩⅢ．ASSUMPTION OF SOVEREIGNTY APRIL-SEPTEMBER 1765226

The Sikhs take Lahore and issue their coin226

The Sikhs extend their territories230

Bari Doab231

Rechna Doab232

Chaj Doab234

Sind Sagar Doab236

ⅩⅣ．SIKHS AND NAJIB-UD-DAULAH，SEP-TEMBER 1765-MAY 1766237

Sikhs plunder Najib＇s country237

battle between the Sikhs and Najib near Shamli239

Sikhs plunder the Jat country Rewari and Jaipur241

The Sikhs fight Marathas near Dholpur243

The Sikhs plunder the country of Najib but are defeated by him244

ⅩⅤ．TRIUMPHANT EMERGENCE OF THE SIKHS，JUNE 1766-DECEMBER 1768248

The Sikhs consolidate and extend their holdings248

Ahmad Shah Abdali invades India259

Ahmad Shah at Lahore251

Jahan Khan is defeated at Amritsar253

The Durrani in the Jullundur Doab254

Ahmad Shah returns home256

Amar Singh receives the title of＂Rajai Rajagan，＂258

The Shah encamps on the Sutlej259

The Sikhs ravage Najib＇s country260

Ahmad Shah leaves India，Sikhs re-occupy Lahore261

Sikh exten-sions of territory262

Sikh invasion into the Gangetic Doab264

Najib feels himself beaten by the Sikhs266

The Sikh posse-sions in 1768269

The Sikhs emerge triumphant271

CONCLUSION273

Ⅰ．LIFE AND MANNERS OF THE SIKHS273

Physique273

Disposition274

Character275

Recruitment，drill and discipline280

Equipment281

Method of warfare282

Horses286

Food288

Dress290

Amusements291

Women292

Fairs293

Ⅱ．THE CONDITION OF THE COUNTRY295

A period of anarchy and confusion295

Character of the people297

The village301

The village measures of defence302

Village functionaries306

The Panchyat307

Education309

Modes of irrigation311

Poverty of the people312

Fairs313

Trade314

Sikh rule316

BIBLIOGRAPHY321

INDEX335

ERRATA348