《The British Lobour Movement》求取 ⇩

Ⅰ．THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM1

Electrophysical basis1

Application to electrocardiography3

Anatomic basis5

Electrophysiologic basis7

Initiation and propagation of the impulse10

References12

Ⅱ．THE RECORDING OF THE HEART CURRENT13

The standard leads13

The precordial leads14

Standardization of the deflections19

Extrinsic interferences20

Position of the patient22

References22

Ⅲ．THE NORMAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAM24

Definition24

The components and their measurements24

The individual waves and intervals28

The P wave28

The P-R or P-Q interval28

The QRS complex31

The R-T or S-T segment36

The T wave37

The Q-T interval40

The U wave41

References42

Ⅳ．THE ELECTRICAL AXIS43

Underlying principles43

Methods of determination47

Triangulation plotting method47

Computation graphs51

Index method53

Determination from appearance of complexes54

Significance of electrical axis deviation54

Anatomic causes of electrical axis deviation57

Conditions in which abnormal axis deviation may occur58

Diagnostic value of abnormal axis deviation59

References59

Ⅴ．THE ABNORMAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAM：CLASSIFICATION61

Definition and causes61

Classification of abnormalities62

Disturbances in the cardiac mechanism62

Abnormalities in the electrocardiographic patterns64

Summary of electrocardiographic abnormalities65

Ⅵ．SINUS TACHYCARDIA，BRADYCARDIA，ARREST，AND ARRHYTHMIA67

Sinus tachycardia67

Sinus bradycardia68

Sino-auricular standstill or sinus arrest69

Sinus arrhythmia71

References73

Ⅶ．PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS，EXTRASYSTOLES，AND ECTOPIC BEATS74

Physiologic mechanism74

Causes75

Varieties76

Auricular premature contractions76

Junctional premature contractions81

Ventricular premature contractions83

Escaped beats90

References90

Ⅷ．DISPLACEMENT OF THE PACEMAKER91

Nodal rhythm92

Double pacemaker94

Shifting pacemaker98

References98

Ⅸ．THE CIRCUS MOVEMENT THEORY99

References103

Ⅹ．PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIA：TACHYCARDIA OF ECTOPIC ORIGIN104

Physiologic mechanism105

Pathogenesis106

Etiology106

Varieties107

The supraventricular group108

The ventricular group112

Duration and outcome of attacks120

References120

Ⅺ．AURICULAR FLUTTER122

Historical note122

Incidence122

Etiology123

Physiologic mechanism124

Electrocardiographic manifestations124

Auricular complexes124

Ventricular response132

Auriculoventricular conduction133

Ventricular complexes134

References134

Ⅻ．AURICULAR FIBRILLATION135

Historical note135

Incidence135

Etiology137

Pathogenesis138

Physiologic mechanism139

Electrocardiographic manifestations140

Auricular complexes140

Ventricular response145

Ventricular complexes149

Transition from flutter to fibrillation149

Effect of digitalis on auricular flutter and fibrillation150

Effect of quinidine150

References151

ⅩⅢ．VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION152

Historical note152

Incidence152

Etiology153

Electrocardiographic manifestations154

Transient or transient recurring form154

Terminal form156

Ante mortem transient form157

Physiologic mechanism160

References161

ⅩⅣ．HEART BLOCK：AURICULOVENTRICULAR163

Historical note163

Pathology and pathogenesis164

Incidence167

Electrocardiographic manifestations168

Partial block169

Complete block173

Variable degree of block178

References180

ⅩⅤ．HEART BLOCK：BUNDLE BRANCH182

Historical note182

Incidence183

Physiologic mechanism184

Pathology188

Electrocardiographic manifestations190

Left bundle branch block195

Right bundle branch block197

Atypical and unclassified forms200

Bidirectional bundle branch block200

Variable bundle branch block201

References202

ⅩⅥ．OTHER ABNORMALITIES IN THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM204

The abnormal P wave204

The abnormal QRS complex207

Prolonged conduction time208

Abnormally low voltage208

Abnormally high voltage216

Pathologic slurring and notching216

Abnormal axis deviation217

Unusual types217

The abnormal RS-T segment222

The abnormal T wave224

The abnormal Q-T interval226

The abnormal U wave226

Relative diagnostic value of the various abnormalities226

References227

ⅩⅦ．THE CORONARY CIRCULATION AND ITS ABNORMALITIES229

Anatomic features229

Physiologic features232

Pathology of the coronary circulation：coronary insufficiency234

Organic coronary artery disease235

Cardiac muscle hypertrophy238

Blood dyscrasias238

Physiologic disturbances240

References242

ⅩⅧ．ACUTE CORONARY INSUFFICIENCY244

Acute myocardial infarction244

Historical note244

Physiologic explanation246

Localization of infarction247

The QRS complex269

Conduction disturbances269

Acute transient myocardial ischemia271

Infarction of the auricles274

References274

ⅩⅨ．CHRONIC CORONARY INSUFFICIENCY276

Frequency of electrocardiographic abnormalities277

Variety of electrocardiographic abnormalities279

Localization of region of coronary insufficiency280

Reference281

ⅩⅩ．VENTRICULAR PREPONDERANCE282

Historical note282

Causes of preponderance283

Left preponderance283

Right preponderance：cor pulmonale290

Chronic right preponderance：chronic cor pulmonale290

Acute right preponderance：acute cor pulmonale294

Physiologic mechanism297

References300

ⅩⅪ．MYOCARDITIS302

Pericarditis(subpericardial myocarditis)302

Historical note302

Frequency of electrocardiographic changes303

Types of electrocardiographic changes303

Causes of electrocardiographic changes308

Myocarditis of other areas：electrocardiographic changes310

Duration of electrocardiographic changes316

Hole of infectious disease in producing electrocardiographic abnormalities317

References321

ⅩⅫ．TRAUMA OF THE HEART323

How cardiac trauma is produced324

Types of nonpenetrating injuries324

Controlling factors324

Structural cardiac damage caused by injury326

Electrocardiographic manifestations328

Types of abnormalities328

Experimental evidence335

References336

ⅩⅩⅢ．ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN VARIOUS CONSTITUTIONAL AND TOXIC STATES337

Electrocardiographic alterations with normal changes in bodily states337

Postural and respiratory effects337

Effect of body habitus341

Effect of exercise343

Effect of age345

Effect of digestion and of drinking ice water346

Electrocardiographic alterations in abnormal bodily states347

Congenital cardiac abnormalities347

Endocrine and metabolic disturbances352

Avitaminosis354

The nephritides355

Alkalosis and acidosis356

Cheyne-Stokes respiration356

Arteriovenous aneurysm357

Surgical operations357

References358

ⅩⅩⅣ．EFFECT OF DRUGS AND CHEMICALS ON THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM360

Digitalis360

Changes in rate and rhythm360

Abnormalities in the P wave361

Auriculoventricular conduction disturbances361

Shortening of the Q-T interval361

RS-T segment and T wave changes362

Quinidine362

The nitrites363

Acetyl-beta-methylcholine363

Epinephrine363

Ether，nitrous oxide，and chloroform364

Calcium364

Potassium365

Carbon monoxide366

Tobacco smoke366

Arsphenamine366

Trichlorethylene367

References367

ⅩⅩⅤ．A STUDY OF THE PRECORDIAL LEADS369

The normal precordial leads369

Lead CF1369

Lead CF2375

Lead CF3377

Lead Ⅳ F(CF4)377

Lead CF5379

Lead CF6381

Essential normal findings381

The abnormal precordial leads382

Acute and subacute myocardial infarction382

Organized myocardial infarction384

Coronary insufficiency with anginal syndrome1384

Coronary insufficiency with anginal syndrome and hypertension385

Hypertension without cardiac disease386

Unconfirmed coronary disease387

Rheumatic heart disease387

Congenital heart disease388

Abnormalities in noncardiac cases388

Significance of abnormalities in the CF leads388

Relative value of the various CF leads390

References391

INDEX393