《AN INVESTIGATION ON PROMOTED IRON CATALYSTS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF AMMONIA SECOND EDITION》

Ⅰ．Introduction11

Ⅱ．Thermodynamic Data14

1．Equilibrium data for the system H2-N2-NH314

2．Various physical data17

a．Heat of reaction17

b．Specific heat of hydrogen,nitrogen,and ammonia19

c．Viscosity and thermal conductivity of reactants20

d．Compressibility factors21

e．Vapor concentration in compressed hydrogen-nitrogen22

(1)Ammonia23

(2)Water23

f．Solubility of gases in liquid ammonia24

Ⅲ．Experimental Procedures26

1．High pressure conversion measurements26

Ⅳ．Conversion Effioiency of Ammonia Catalysts at Different Reac-tion Conditions35

1．Introductory remarks35

2．Dependence upon temperature37

3．Dependence upon pressure43

4．Dependence upon space velocity46

5．Dependence upon composition of synthesis gas54

a．Ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen54

b．Content of inert gases56

c．Content of ammonia in entrance gas58

Ⅴ．Evaluation of Rate Constants and their Application to Ammonia Reactor Design60

1．Basic principles and fundamental equations60

2．Critical discussion of the conversion measurements69

a．Deviation from isothermal conditions69

b．Diffusion restriction74

c．Filamentous flow80

d．Wall effect82

e．Intrinsie catalyst activity versus catalyst particle size83

3．Presentation of reaetion rate data84

4．Application of rate data in ammonia reactor design101

Ⅵ．Some Factors Decisive for the Industrial Exploitation of Ammonia Catalysts107

1．Ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen107

2．Influenbe of inert gases108

3．Thermoresistancy of catalysts109

4．Influence of eatalyst poisens on activity and life time of catalysts112

a．Oxygen compounds114

b．Sulfur,phosphorus,arsenic compounds120

c．Chlorine compounds122

5．Reduction procedure for ammonia catalysts122

6．Stabilization of ammonia catalysts131

7．Choioe of particle size of catalyst134

8．Physical properties of catalysts137

9．Some generalizd reflections on synthesis conditions138

Ⅶ．χ-Ray Examinations of Iron Catalysts for the Synthesis of Ammonia140

1．Introductory remarks on earlier work on ammonia cata-lysts and related structures140

2．χ-ray technique144

3．Examination of the unreduced catalysts by the powder method145

4．Line broadening in the diagrams of the unreduced oxides148

5．Single crystal exposures of unreduced oxides152

6．Discussion of the structure of the unreduced catalysts154

7．Examinations of the reduced oatalystsby the powder method163

8．Line broadening in the diagrams of reduced catalysts165

9．Discussion of the structure of the reduced catalysts167

10．Theory of the reduction process169

Ⅷ．Surface Properties and Promoter Effect172

Ⅸ．Kinetics of the Synthesis and Decomposition of Ammonia136

1．Isotopic exohange on iron catalysts136

2．Kinetic equations for ammonia synthesis and deoomplsi-tion189

Résumé en Francais197

Kurzreferat auf Deutseh207

General Bibliography218

Author Tndex228