《INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY SIXTH EDITION》求取 ⇩

PART I Introduction1

1Origins and Development of Security3

Security in England3

Feudalism and Security3

Post-Norman Reforms4

Exploration and Change5

The Eighteenth Century5

The Impact of Industrial Expansion7

Sir Robert Peel and the "Bobbies"8

Security in the United States8

Development of Private Security9

Crime Trends and Security12

Growth of Private Security16

Growing Pains and Government Involvement16

The Hallcrest Reports19

A New Professionalism20

A New Philosophy21

Review Questions23

References23

2 Career Opportunities in Loss Prevention25

Factors Increasing Security Opportunities25

The Security/Loss-Prevention Occupation26

Security Manager27

Bodyguard28

Private Investigators30

Consultants30

Opportunities in Industry31

Opportunities in Retail31

Opportunities in Health Care32

Airport and Airline Security32

Hotel Security33

Campus Security33

Banking Security34

Security Services34

Locksmithing35

Technology Experts35

Computer Security35

Conclusion37

Review Questions37

References37

3 Security Education, Training, Certification, andRegulation39

A Historical Perspective40

Adequacy of Private Security Training40

Proposed Federal Regulation44

The Role of Higher Education46

Training49

Certification and Regulation52

Regulation52

Certification54

Private Security Training and Education55

Magazines and Periodicals55

Conclusion56

Review Questions58

References58

Appendix 3ASecurity Officer Training State by State61

Appendix 3B Security Journals, Magazines, and Newsletters69

PART II The Security Function73

4 Defining Security's Role75

What Is Private Security?75

Security Hazards77

Security Functions78

Security Services79

Guard Services80

Patrol Services80

Consulting Services81

Investigative Services81

Alarm Response Services82

Armored Delivery Services82

Other Services83

Contract versus Proprietary Services84

Advantages of Contract Services85

Advantages of Proprietary Guards89

Deciding on a Contract Security Firm90

Private Security and Public Law Enforcement96

Complementary Roles99

Review Questions100

References1

5 The Proprietary Security Organization103

Determining the Need103

Security's Place in the Organization104

Definition of Authority108

Levels of Authority109

Reduced Losses and Net Profit110

Nonintegrated Structures110

Relation to Other Departments111

The Security Manager's Role112

Organizing the Security Function113

Planning114

Establishing Controls115

Organizing the Security Department115

Hiring Security Personnel118

Supervision121

Leadership123

Implementation of Security124

Departmental Evaluation124

Review Questions125

References126

6 Security and the Law127

Security, Public Police, and the U.S. Constitution128

Sources of Law129

Common Law129

Case Law130

Statutory Law130

The Power of Security Personnel131

Classes of Crimes131

Felonies132

Private Security Powers133

Arrest133

Detention137

Interrogation138

Search and Seizure140

Exclusionary Rule141

Use of Force142

Civil Law: The Controller for Private Security144

Tort Law: Source of Power and Limits144

Security and Liability149

Duty to Protect from Third-Party Crime150

Nondelegable Duty151

Imputed Negligence152

Criminal Liability154

The Courts155

The Procedure156

The Trial150

Appeal159

Development of Case Law160

Legal Research160

Review Questions162

References162

PART III Basics of Defense165

7 Risk Analysis and the Security Survey167

Risk Management168

Threat Assessment169

The Security Survey169

The Facility172

General Departmental Evaluations174

Personnel Department175

Accounting175

Data Processing177

Purchasing178

Shipping and Receiving179

Miscellaneous179

Report of the Survey179

Operational Audits and Programmed Supervision180

Probability181

Criticality182

The Probability/Criticality/Vulnerability Matrix183

Alternatives for Optimizing Risk Management186

The Cost-Effectiveness of Security187

Periodic Review188

Security Files188

Review Questions189

Reference189

8 The Outer Defenses: Building and Perimeter Protection190

Barriers, Fences, and Walls191

Barriers191

Fences192

Walls195

Gates and Other Barrier Breaches195

Padlocking196

Personnel and Vehicle Gates196

Miscellaneous Openings196

Barrier Protection197

Clear Zone197

Inspection197

Hydraulic Defenses198

Fence Protection Devices198

Inside the Perimeter199

Parking200

Surveillance200

Lighting200

Types of Lighting202

Types of Equipment203

Maintenance206

Perimeter Lighting206

Gates and Thoroughfares207

Other Areas208

General208

Planning Security209

Review Questions210

References210

9 Interior and Exterior Security Concerns211

Buildings on or as the Perimeter211

Windows and Doors211

Windows212

Doors214

Locks and Keys216

Attacks against Locks216

Locks as Delaying Devices216

Latches and Bolts217

Keying Devices and Systems218

Removable Cores220

Keying Systems222

Rekeying222

Key Control223

Locking Schedules224

Other Operating Mechanisms for Access Control224

Locking Devices228

Roofs and Common Walls229

Surveillance Devices230

Planning for a Surveillance System234

Old Construction236

New Construction236

Security at the Building Design Stage237

Security Principles in Design238

Review Questions238

References239

10 The Inner Defenses: Intrusion and Access Control240

Doors to Sensitive Areas241

Office Area Doors242

Traffic Patterns242

Traffic Control243

Visitors243

Employee Identification244

Pass Systems245

Package Control245

Files, Safes, and Vaults246

Files247

Safes247

Vaults249

Container Protection250

Continuing Evaluation250

Inspections251

Guard Patrols251

Alarms252

Kinds of Alarm Protection253

Alarm Sensors254

Alarm Monitoring Systems265

Cost Considerations266

Conclusion266

Review Questions267

References267

11 Fire Protection, Safety, and Emergency Planning268

Fire Prevention and Protection269

Vulnerability to Fire269

The Nature of Fire270

Byproducts of Fire271

Classes of Fire272

Extinguishers272

Fire Alarm Signaling Systems275

Fire Alarm Sensors276

Automatic Sprinkler Systems277

Education in Fire Prevention and Safety277

Employees in Firefighting278

Evacuation280

Safety and Loss Control282

OSHA Standards283

Setting Up the Safety Program284

Assessment of the Safety Program284

Finding the Causes of Accidents286

Managing the Safety Operation290

Emergency Planning292

Types of Emergencies292

Emergency Personnel and Equipment Records294

Elements of the Emergency Plan294

Security Responsibilities295

Conclusion296

Review Questions297

References297

12 Internal Theft Controls298

What Is Honesty?300

The Dishonest Employee301

The Theft Triangle301

Danger Signs302

What Employees Steal303

Methods of Theft304

Management Responsibility in Loss Prevention305

The Contagion of Theft306

Moral Obligation to Control Theft307

Program for Internal Security307

Need for Management Support307

Communicating the Program308

Continuing Supervision308

Program Changes309

Violations309

Procedural Controls310

Auditing Assets310

Separation of Responsibility312

Promotion and Rotation312

Access to Records313

Forms314

Computer Records/Electronic Mail and Funds Transfer/Fax314

Purchasing315

Payroll316

Accounts Payable317

General Merchandise318

The Mailroom320

Trash Removal320

When Controls Fail320

Undercover Investigation320

Prosecution321

Discharging the Thief322

Borderhne Cases323

Review Questions323

References323

13 Personnel Policies for Internal Security325

Human Resource Screening325

Employment History and Reference Checking326

Backgrounding335

Integrity and Lie Detection Tests335

Americans with Disabilities Act339

Drug Screening344

Other Screening Options344

Hiring Ex-Convicts and Parolees344

Morale345

Employee Assistance Programs346

Continuity of the Screening Program346

Review Questions347

References347

14 Insurance349

The Value of Insurance in a Total Loss-Prevention Program350

Types of Insurance350

Fidelity Bonds350

Surety Bonds353

Storekeepers' Burglary and Robbery Policies and Mercantile Open-Stock Burglary Policies354

Federal Crime Insurance354

3-D Policies355

Insurance against Loss of Use and Extra Expense Coverage356

Kidnap and Ransom Insurance356

Fire Insurance357

Business Property Insurance357

Liability Insurance357

Workers' Compensation Insurance357

Portfolio Commercial Crime Coverages357

Insuring against Crime358

Insuring Property359

Evaluating Risk359

What Is Covered360

How Much Insurance?361

Review Questions362

References362

15 Retail Security363

Shoplifting366

Extent of Shoplifting366

Methods of Shoplifting367

Who Shoplifts368

Detecting the Shoplifter369

Preventive Measures371

Arrest375

Prosecution376

Checks and Credit Cards376

Nature of a Check377

Checks and the Retailer378

Types of Checks379

Returned Checks380

Check Approval381

ID Equipment and Systems384

Store Policy384

Internal Theft385

Methods of Theft385

Controls388

Civil Recovery390

Review Questions391

References391

16 Cargo Security393

The Role of Private Security394

Accountability Procedures395

Invoice System395

Separation of Functions396

Driver Loading396

Theft and Pilferage397

Targets of Theft397

Pilferage397

Deterring Pilferage398

Large-Quantity Theft399

Removal of Goods400

Disposal of Stolen Goods400

Terminal Operations401

Surveillance401

A Total Program402

Planning for Security402

Controlled, Limited, and Exclusion Areas402

Pass Systems403

Vehicle Control403

Other Security Planning404

Security Surveys404

Inspections405

Education405

Cargo in Transit405

The Threat of Hijacking405

Personnel Qualifications406

Procedures on the Road406

Seals407

Suggested Sealing System and Procedures410

Introduction410

Ordering and Storage410

Outbound Recording410

Application411

Gate Procedures411

Broken Seals412

Seal Removal and Inbound Recording412

Supplementary Procedures412

High-Security Seal Locks413

Padlocks413

Trailer Kingpin Locks414

Review Questions415

References415

17 Computer Security416

Types of Computer Systems418

Microcomputers419

Workstations420

Minicomputers420

Mainframes420

Supercomputers421

Networks421

Local Area Networks421

Wide Area Networks422

The Internet422

The Need for Computer Security423

Computer Crimes423

Classic Methods for Committing Computer Crimes428

Federal Computer Legislation431

Profiling Criminals431

Typical Profile of a Computer Criminal432

Computer Systems Protection432

Disaster-Recovery Planning433

Identification and Access Control of Software and Data437

Encryption439

Physical Security439

Review Questions442

References442

18 Specific Security Threats447

Economic/White-Collar Crime447

Definitions448

Impact450

Burglary and Robbery450

Burglary451

The Attack451

Robbery454

Bombs and Bomb Threats460

Telephone Operator's Response461

Search Teams461

Evacuation463

Labor Disputes464

Terrorism465

Executive Protection468

Espionage469

Piracy471

Review Questions471

References472

19 Workplace Violence: Prevention and Intervention474

Threat474

Harassment474

Attack475

Sabotage475

The Phenomenon of Workplace Violence475

The Work Environment and Violence478

Profiling Violent Behavior480

Basic Levels of Violence482

Preventing Workplace Violence483

The Violence Intervention and Contingency Team483

Perpetrators' Rights485

Intervention Strategy486

Intervention Education487

The Intervention488

Review Questions490

References490

20 Drugs in the Workplace491

Impact of Drug Use493

Theft493

Productivity, Quality Control, Accidents, and Injuries493

Absenteeism and Turnover Rate494

Personal Problems495

Drug Testing495

Spotting Drug Use498

Crack Cocaine499

Cocaine499

Other Methods499

The Components of a Comprehensive Substance Abuse Program499

Preemployment Drug Testing502

Postemployment Drug Testing502

Review Questions503

References503

21Security: Its Problems, Its Future505

Private Security Resources506

Interaction and Cooperation506

Limitations of Security507

Trends508

The Future510

Technology510

Management511

Theft512

Education and Professionalization512

Certification and Standards512

Conclusion513

Review Questions513

References513

Index515