《THE CHANGING ROLE OF INFORMATION IN WARFARE》

Foreword1

Chapter One. INTRODUCTION7

Structure of the Book11

Information Technology and Society11

U.S. Opportunities and Vulnerabilities12

Issues and Lessons for Decisionmakers13

References14

PART I: SOCIETY AND THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM17

Chapter Two. THE AMERICAN MILITARY ENTERPRISE IN THE INFORMATION AGE19

Introduction: The Social and Military Perspectives19

The Roots of Revolution20

Historical Patterns24

Cultural Factors26

What Is the Enterprise?28

Adapting to the Information Revolution32

Applying New Technologies to Old Enterprises35

The Future Enterprise of the Military37

Bibliography42

Chapter Three. RIGHT MAKES MIGHT: FREEDOM AND POWER IN THE INFORMATION AGE45

Introduction45

Information Technology Needs Freedom50

Knowledge and Economic Freedom50

National Power Needs Information Technology59

Powers as Partners66

Bibliography73

Chapter Four. NETWORKS, NETWAR, AND INFORMATION-AGE TERRORISM75

A New Terrorism (with Old Roots)75

Recent Views About Terrorism78

The Advent of Netwar---Analytical Background80

Middle Eastern Terrorism and Netwar90

Terrorist Doctrines---The Rise of a "War Paradigm"101

References105

Chapter Five. INFORMATION AND WAR: IS IT A REVOLUTION?113

Introduction: Al-Khafji113

The Meaning of Revolution114

Possible Revolutions117

Evolutionary and Revolutionary Proposals142

Conclusion: Implications of a False Revolution146

References148

PART II: U.S. OPPORTUNITIES AND VULNERABILITIES155

Chapter Six. INFORMATION AND WARFARE: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR U.S. MILITARY FORCES157

Information in Warfare: A Simple Taxonomy158

Future Victory: New Opportunities162

Conclusions176

References178

Chapter Seven. U.S. MILITARY OPPORTUNITIES: INFORMATION-WARFARE CONCEPTS OF OPERATION179

Introduction179

Emerging Asymmetric Capabilities184

Developing Operational Concepts for Future Offensive Information Warfare191

Comparing the Four CONOPs211

References213

Chapter Eight. THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS217

Objectives and Instruments of Psychological Effects217

U.S. and Enemy Experience with Psychological Effects219

Advanced Technological Systems and Psychological Effects231

The Need to Manage Future Psychological Effects242

Conclusion247

References248

Chapter Nine. U.S. STRATEGIC VULNERABILITIES: THREATS AGAINST SOCIETY253

What Is SIW?253

U.S. Strategic Infrastructure Vulnerabilities and Threats256

The Need for New Decisionmaking Frameworks263

An Evolving Series of Frameworks264

An Initial Formulation264

Conclusions280

References280

Chapter Ten. IMPLICATIONS OF INFORMATION VULNERABILITIES FOR MILITARY OPERATIONS283

An Overview of Air Force Operations and Their Dependence on Information: Present and Future284

Disrupting Air Force Operation287

Direct Impacts of Information Disruption296

Operational Implications298

Reducing Vulnerabilities and Coping with Their Effects313

Conclusions321

References322

PART III: ISSUES, STRATEGIES, AND LESSONS FOR DECISIONMAKERS325

Chapter Eleven. MILITARY ORGANIZATION IN THE INFORMATION AGE: LESSONS FROM THE WORLD OF BUSINESS327

The Importance of Organization in a Time of Revolutionary Change327

The Effects of the "Information Revolution" on Corporate Organization330

Implications for the U.S. Armed Forces340

Organizational Structure Must Reflect Objectives357

Exogenous Political Constraints358

References359

Chapter Twelve. ARMS CONTROL EXPORT REGIMES, AND MULTILATERAL COOPERATION361

Past Accomplishments362

Information Systems and Technologies367

A Strategy During This Time of Uncertainty375

References377

Chapter Thirteen. ETHICS AND INFORMATION WARFARE379

Concepts and Definitions380

Just War Theory and Information Warfare386

Some Guidelines for Policy391

Closing Thoughts398

References398

Chapter Fourteen. DEFENSE IN A WIRED WORLD: PROTECTION, DETERRENCE, AND PREVENTION403

The Threat406

The Attacks410

Strategies of Defense: Protection, Deterrence, and Prevention412

Toward a National Strategy for Information-Warfare Defense433

References434

Chapter Fifteen. CONCLUSION: THE CHANGING ROLE OF INFORMATION IN WARFARE437

Trend or Fad?438

Perfect Security?440

National Policy Issues442

Air Force Policy Issues447

A Timeless Lesson of Information Warfare451

References452