《RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF U.S. AGRICULTURE》求取 ⇩

Chapter 1: Introduction1

Approaches and Caveats1

Summary of the Report5

References11

Chapter 2: Projections of Production of Grains, Soybeans, and Cotton in the United States12

Introduction12

Projections to 1990 and 201012

Sources of Error in Projections14

Comparisons with Others16

References20

Chapter 3: Factors Affecting Farmers' Choices Among Technologies: Prices of Inputs21

Introduction21

Types of Technology21

Choices Among Technologies: A Historical Perspective22

Prices of Inputs26

Energy26

Fertilizers29

Water31

Conclusions on Prices of Inputs36

References38

Chapter 4: Trends in Productivity and Crop Yields in the United States40

Introduction40

Trends in Yields: All Crops42

Yields of Grain and Soybeans44

Conclusions About Trends in Technology47

References48

Chapter 5: The Demand for and Supply of Cropland49

Introduction49

Regional Projections of Production49

National and Regional Projections of Yields53

Demand for and Supply of Cropland56

Demand for Cropland for Crop Production56

Nonagricultural Demands for Cropland57

Supply of Cropland and Potential Cropland59

Matching Demand and Supply62

Conclusion66

References67

Chapter 6: Projections of Fertilizers and Pesticides68

Fertilizers68

Corn70

Wheat74

Soybeans75

Cotton75

Other Uses of Fertilizer75

Pesticides76

Data Problems76

Insecticides79

Herbicides95

References102

Chapter 7: Environmental Impacts of Projected Production and Resource Use104

Introduction104

Fertilizer105

Nature of the Environmental Impacts105

Present Severity of the Problems106

Future Severity of the Problems110

Pesticides117

Nature of the Environmental Impacts117

Present Severity of the Problems117

Future Severity of the Problems124

Irrigation128

Nature of the Environmental Impacts128

Present Severity of the Problems129

Future Severity of the Problems132

Erosion133

Nature of the Environmental Impacts133

Present Severity of the Problems141

Future Severity of the Problems145

Conclusions150

References152

Chapter 8: Policy Considerations156

Background156

Current Environmental Approaches160

Soil Conservation Programs161

Water Pollution Control163

Pesticide Controls172

Alternative Policy Approaches175

Demand and Soil Degradation176

Soil Loss and Social Responsibility178

Soil Conservation Policies184

Research as Policy189

A Final Word191

References193

Appendixes to Chapter 2: Derivation of Projections of Production197

Appendix A to Chapter 4: Analysis of Trends in Crop Yields219

Appendix B to Chapter 4: Trends in Total Agricultural Productivity236

Appendix B to Chapter 5: Material Relating to the Demand for and Supply of Cropland241

Index249