《THE REBIRTH OF URBAN DEMOCRACY》求取 ⇩

1. Participation and Democracy1

The Decline of Democracy1

Unleashing Participation5

Neighborhoods and Community10

PART ONE: IS PARTICIPATION POSSIBLE?19

2. A Legacy of Failure21

Misunderstanding's Misunderstandings22

The Undermining of Citizen Participation30

This Time, the Middle Class34

The Conservative Counterattack40

Conclusion44

3. The Potential for Success46

Profiles of Accomplishment47

The Essence of Strong Democracy53

Breadth of Participation Opportunity57

Depth of Participation Opportunity63

Conclusion70

4. More Participation?71

Measuring Community Participation73

Biases in Participation81

The Forms of Community Participation89

Community Participation and Neighborhood Associations95

PART TWO: DOES GOVERNMENT RESPOND?99

5. Controlling the Public Agenda101

Public Problems, Political Issues102

The Structure of Neighborhood Advocacy107

Garbage Cans in City Politics114

Agendas, Responsiveness, and Public Opinion118

Conclusion132

6. Shaping Policy Outcomes135

The Idea of Policy Responsiveness135

Policy Responsiveness Balance138

The Power of Business140

Citizen Participation and Responsiveness150

Conclusion157

Appendix: Issues and Their Outcomes in Five Cities159

7. The Neighborhood Voice166

Neighborhood Accountability171

Neighborhood Effectiveness177

Rampant Parochialism or Policy Balance?180

Conclusion189

PART THREE: DOES PARTICIPATION EMPOWER?193

8. Three Deadly Sins: Conflict, Alienation, and Delay195

A Delicate Balance195

Conflict199

Alienation203

Delay206

Conclusion212

9. Tolerance and Intolerance214

Elitism and Intolerance214

The Stratification of Tolerance and Participation217

Participation and Tolerance221

Expanding Democracy versus Expanding Intolerance225

Conclusion227

10.Building Community Confidence232

Does More Democracy Mean More Support?233

Of Nation and Community236

The Perception of Government Responsiveness243

In Government We Trust?248

Conclusion254

11.Enhancing Citizen Capacity256

Political Efficacy, Self-Actualization, and Knowledge256

Capacity and Face-to-Face Democracy264

Conclusion279

PART FOUR: CONCLUSION281

12.The Case for Strong Democracy283

Participation284

Responsiveness286

Empowerment290

Participatory Democracy, Representative Democracy292

The City of the Future294

METHODOLOGICAL APPENDIX301

Selection of the Five Core Cities and Ten Comparison Cities301

Public Opinion Surveys303

Elite Respondents: Selection and Interviews310

The Reciprocal Causation Model315

Sources of Some Questions in the Public Opinion Surveys316

INDEX319