《JORDAN SINCE 1989 A STUDY IN POLITICAL ECONOMY》

CHAPTER ONE Introduction1

OUTLINE2

CHAPTER TWO Theoretical Considerations4

INTRODUCTION4

RENTIER THEORY4

The Concepts of Rentierism4

State Renfierism versus Private Sector Rentierism8

Production Economy versus Rentier Economy9

Pure Rentier State Economies: Oil Rent11

Induced Rentier State Economies: Aid Rent14

Private Sector Rentier Economies: Remittances16

Induced State Renfierism and Private Sector Rentierism18

STATE, REGIME, RENTIER ELITE AND PRIVATE SECTOR19

The State, the Regime and the Rentier Elite19

The Private Sector21

SUMMARY21

CHAPTER THREE Changing Patterns of the Rentier Economy20

INTRODUCTION22

MANDATE TRANSJORDAN: THE EARLY 1920s TO THE MID-1940s23

The Creation of the Induced Rentier State Economy24

STATE BUILDING AND POLTICAL INSTABILITY: LATE 1940 TO EARLY 1970s26

The Rise, Fall and Re-Emergence of the Induced Rentier StateEconomy31

ECONOMIC INSTABILITY: THE EARLY 1970s TO 198932

Changing Patterns of Rent: The Early 1970s to 198936

From Induced Rentier State Economy to Private Sector Rentier Economy38

SUMMARY41

CHAPTER FOUR State-Private Sector Relations: 1921-198940

INTRODUCTION42

The State-Market Continuum Model43

TRANSJORDAN44

Measures on the State-Market Continuum45

Laissez Faire State, Weak but Autonomous Private Sector46

INDEPENDENCE TO THE OIL BOOM47

Measures on the State-Market Continuum48

State as Facilitator, Private Sector as Initiator54

THE OIL BOOM YEARS55

Measures on the State-Market Continuum56

Dictator State, Private Sector Dependency63

THE RECESSION YEARS64

Measures on the State-Market Continuum65

Failure to Roll Back the State, Continued Private Sector Dependency70

EXPLAINING PRIVATE SECTOR-STATE RELATIONS AT 198971

CHAPTER FIVE The Changing Face of Rentierism: 1989-200275

INTRODUCTION77

THE ECONOMY: 1989 TO 200277

The Collapse77

Factors Affecting Economic Development: 1989 to 200280

RENTIERISM: 1989 TO 200284

Measures of the Induced Rentier State Economy: 1989 to 200284

Measures of the Private Sector Rentier Economy: 1989 to 200287

INDUCED RENTIER STATE ECONOMY VERSUS PRIVATE SECTOR RENTIER ECONOMY88

CHAPTER SIX-Donor Community Involvement: 1989-200288

INTRODUCIION90

RELATIVE VALUES OF'ritE DONOR COMMUNITY91

BRETTON WOODS INSTITUTIONS92

IMF Involvement92

World Bank Involvement102

The Bretton Woods Institutions, the State and Economic Liberalisation114

DEBT RESCHEDULING115

Debt, the State and Economic Liberalisation120

THE AID COMMUNITY121

Bilateral Donors123

Multilateral Donors134

Aid, the State and Economic Liberalisation138

DONOR COMMUNITY HETEROGENEITY139

CHAPTER SEVEN State, Rentier Elite And Conditionality: 1989-2002141

INTRODUCTION143

PRIVATISATION144

1985 to 1989: The Rhetoric Years144

1989 to 1995/96: The Lost Years145

1995/96 to 1998: The Foundation Years146

1998 to 2002: The Action Years150

State, Rentier Elite and Privafisafion155

THE SALES TAX156

State, Rentier Elite and the Sales Tax158

SUBSIDIES158

State, Rentier Elite and Subsidies160

STATE, RENTIER ELITE AND CONDITIONALITY160

CHAPTER EIGHT The State-Market Interface: Which Political Economy?161

INTRODUCTION163

THE STATE-MARKET CONTINUUM: 1989 TO 2002164

State Prognosis of the Private Sector165

Contribution to the National Economy166

Planning169

Institutional Development175

Private Sector Support180

State-Owned Enterprises184

The Changing Role of the State186

CHANGING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POLITICAL ECONOMY188

Economy Level Analysis189

Changes in the Private Sector Characterisfcs197

Changes in the State Characteristics202

Changes in The State-Private Sector Relationship204

INCREASED PRIVATE SECTOR RENTIERISM AND MARKET ECONOMY, REDUCED INDUCED STATE RENTIERISM205

CHAPTER EIGHT Concluding Comments205

INTRODUCTION207

STUDY REVISITED207

THEORETICAL, IMPLICATIONS208

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS210

Notes212

Bibliography245

Index265