《CANADA AND THE UNITED NATIONS 1945-1975》

CHAPTER ONE. The United Nations: Origins, Nature and Membership1

Steps to the Charter2

From Covenant to Charter4

Canada at San Francisco8

(a) Security Council11

(b) General Assembly13

(c) The Economic and Social Council13

(d) The Secretariat14

Other organs14

(a) The Trusteeship Council15

(b) The International Court of Justice15

Admission of new members16

Chinese representation in the United Nations20

Problems of enlarged membership23

Powers and functions25

CHAPTER TWO. Peace and Security29

The Charter system31

The Breakdown of the Charter system33

The peacekeeping record35

Observer groups37

(a) Palestine-UNTSO37

(b) India-Pakistan-UNMOGIP and UNIPOM38

(c) Lebanon (UNOGIL), Yemen (UNYOM) and New Guinea (UNTEA)39

Major peacekeeping forces39

(a) The Middle East-UNEF I39

(b) The Congo-ONUC44

(c) Cyprus-UNFICYP45

(d) The Middle East-UNEF II and UNDOF48

Resistance to aggression-Korea51

The financing of peacekeeping operations53

Planning for peacekeeping57

Peacekeeping-a useful mechanism?60

Conclusion62

CHAPTER THREE. Disarmament and Arms Control63

Early disarmament efforts in the United Nations65

General and complete disarmament67

Partial measures69

Nuclear-weapon test ban69

Outer Space Treaty72

Seabed Treaty72

Chemical and bacteriological (biological) weapons73

Other arms-control proposals73

Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons74

Nuclear-weapon-free zones74

Current East-West control negotiation76

The current disarmament role of the United Nations77

Canada's arms-control priorities78

CHAPTER FOUR. Equal Rights and Self-Determination of Peoples83

The Charter and decolonization84

From trusteeship to independence86

The Declaration on Decolonization87

Progress in decolonization90

The remaining colonial problems93

Canadian policy94

Rhodesia96

Namibia100

Racial policies of South Africa103

CHAPTER FIVE. Economic, Social and Humanitarian Co-operation107

Economic and Social Council108

Economic questions109

Social and humanitarian questions110

Human rights110

UNICEF112

Assistance to refugees113

Special and periodic United Nation conferences115

ECOSOC and subsidiary bodies-Canadian membership119

ECOSOC-reform120

Specialized Agencies121

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)122

World Health Organization (WHO)123

Evolution of Specialized Agencies124

CHAPTER SIX. Economic Development127

The institutional framework131

United Nations assistance programs131

Finance for development134

Food137

The First and Second Development Decades: UNCTAD and the Group of 77138

New international economic order143

Canadian attitude towards the new international economic order145

CHAPTER SEVEN. The Development of International Law151

The Sixth Committee of the General Assembly152

The International Law Commission (ILC)152

The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)153

United Nations and other conferences154

United Nations special and ad hoc committees155

Specialized Agencies156

The law of the sea156

Prospects for further development of international law162

The International Court of Justice163

CHAPTER EIGHT. Finance and Administration167

Financial problems169

CHAPTER NINE. A Center for Harmonizing the Actions of Nations177

Consultation or confrontation?179

The Charter and unwritten rules182

Institutional problems: universality and equality183

Charter review187

Procedural questions189

Global interdependence190

APPENDIX ONE. Canada's Contribution to the United Nations193

APPENDIX TWO. United Nations Peacekeeping Missions199

A Selected Bibliography201