《MONITORING GOVERNMENT INSPECTORS GENERAL AND THE SEARCH FOR ACCOUNTABLITY》

Introduction1

Why Study IGs?2

Methods of Inquiry4

Plan of the Book5

PART I. Frameworks9

1. The Newest Monitors11

Paths to Accountability12

Monitoring toward Accountability16

Conclusion: An Era of Limits21

2. The Rise of the IG Concept23

An Introduction to the IG Act23

A Brief History25

A Statutory Prototype28

A Nonstatutory Alternative31

PART 2. Designing the Concept37

3. Why Congress Acted39

The Three Horsemen of the IG Concept39

The Politics of Fraud Busting43

The Information Imperative48

Conclusion: The Choice of Compliance57

4. Creating a Strong Right Arm58

What Might Have Been59

The IG Job Description61

Institutionalized Ambivalence68

PART 3. Implementing the Act79

5. The Class of 197981

Carter's Choices82

An Abbreviated Term90

Conclusion: Too Much to Do, Too Little Time100

6. Glory Days102

Fear of Firing103

Getting Started...Again104

The Seeds of Alliance111

Conclusion: A Match Made in Heaven?118

7. Backlash121

The Class of 1985121

Fine-Tuning128

Into the Bush Years131

Conclusion: Uncertain Futures145

PART 4. Organizing for Accountability147

8. A Drift toward Investigation149

Auditors and Investigators150

The Investigatory Impulse160

Conclusion: Protecting IGs169

9. The Organizational IGs175

An Organizational History of the OIGs177

The Organizational Future189

The IGs as Institutional Memory200

PART 5. Questions of Effectiveness201

10.Measuring the Impact of IGs203

Measures of Effectiveness204

Conclusion: Questions of Performance220

11.The Future of the IG Concept224

The IG Act Innovations225

A Reprise on Reform229

A Safe Harbor for Analysis234

Appendix: Interview Contacts236

Notes241

Index265