《LABOR RELATIONS AND PUBLIC POLICY SERIES NO.20 THE IMPACT OF THE AT & T-EEO CONSENT DECREE》

Chapter I. DEVELOPMENT OF THE DECREE1

Background1

Role of David A. Copus2

Role of the FCC3

FCC Case4

EEOC Position6

ATT Position7

GSA and DOL8

Benefits of the Decree to ATT9

Supplemental Agreement10

Features of the Decree10

Affirmative Action Override12

Upgrade and Transfer13

Pay Adjustments14

Represcription15

Affirmative Action Without the Consent Decree16

APPENDIX A. GOALS 219

CHAPTER II. ATT IN THE MODERN TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY23

ATT Performance Analysis, 1973-7924

Changes in the ATT Labor Force24

Unionization26

Wage Structure27

The Effects of Technical Progress on the Labor Force27

Underground Cabling28

Phone Jacks29

Traffic Service Position System29

Electronic Switching Systems29

Directory Assistance Charging30

Positive Labor Force Impacts30

Implications for Future Labor Demands31

Competition in Communications32

Computers and Communication33

The Interconnect Industry33

Summary34

CHAPTER III. THE OVERALL IMPACT37

The General Picture37

Male Minorities40

Female Minorities40

Female as a Class45

Employment Distribution by Race and Sex45

Key Occupational Groups51

Management and Sales Positions51

Clerical58

Outside Crafts60

Inside Crafts64

Concluding Remarks66

CHAPTER IV. ORGANIZATIONAL IMPACT67

Quality of the Labor Force67

More Talent v. Not Promoting the "Most Qualified"68

Organizational Structure70

Centralization71

Hiring and Promoting Process71

The Role of the Supervisor73

Discipline76

Employee Attitudes77

Union Relations80

Concluding Remarks82

CHAPTER V. REGIONAL VARIATIONS83

Methodology83

Development of a Metric84

Covariance85

Analysis of Regional Data85

Impact of Population Representation86

Hispanics and Other Minorities88

Locational Problems89

Family Employment89

Detailed Analysis of Selected Occupational Groups90

Officials and Managers90

Sales Workers93

Outside Crafts93

Inside Crafts96

Clerical97

Summary98

APPENDIX A. Statistical Tables101

APPENDIX B. The Logic of Covariance193

APPENDIX C. Regression Analysis of Determinants of Regional Employment Gains of Minorities197

CHAPTER VI. THE QUESTION OF AVAILABILITY203

The Concept of Availability203

Availability-The Demand Side204

Availability-The Supply Side206

The ATT Pool208

Conclusion211

APPENDIX A. The Availability Simulation213

APPENDIX B. Derivation of the 1985 Management Labor Force215

CHAPTER VII. AN OVERALL EVALUATION217

The Rationale of the EEOC217

The Theory of Statistical Parity220

The Theory Explained220

A Critical Evaluation of Statistical Parity222

Definition of the Underlying Labor Pool222

Constancy of Labor Pool224

Does Random Selection Accurately Describe the Employment Decision?225

Back Pay226

Conflicts Among Government Objectives and Agencies227

Effectiveness of the Decree231

Increased Utilization231

Expanded Opportunity for All231

Other Benefits and Costs232

Final Comment233

INDEX235