《CANADIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY》求取 ⇩

PART I. STAPLES AND COLONIAL EXPANSION1

I. THE EUROPEAN BACKGROUND3

Introduction: European Expansion in the America3

Portugal and Spain4

Holland8

France10

England14

Mercantilism and Colonial Expansion19

II. ECONOMIC BEGINNINGS: MARITIME AND CONTINENTAL23

The Discovery of the North Atlantic Fisheries23

National and International Conflicts in the Fisheries28

The Rise of New England35

The Continental Fur Trade: General Characteristics38

Beginning of the Fur Trade40

The Establishment of New France42

International Rivalries45

Fur-Trading and Empire-Building47

III. NORTH ATLANTIC RIVALRIES: 1650-171350

Introduction50

The Carrying-Trade and the Navigation Acts51

The Newfoundland Fishery53

The French Fishery58

New England and the West Indies63

French and British Colonial Expansion: Some General Considerations68

IV. CONTINENTIAL EXPANSION: 1650-171374

Reconstruction of the St. Lawrence Fur Trade74

Organization of the Trade76

The English Fur Trade from New York and Hudson Bay78

The French Reaction to English Competition84

The Development of New France87

Strength and Weaknesses of the French Colonies89

V. WAR AND TRADE IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC: 1713-177692

The French Fisheries after 171392

Newfoundland: Settlement and the Fisheries94

Nova Scotia under British Rule98

Imperial Conflicts in North America: The Role of New England100

The End of French Dominion in North America107

The British Position after 1763: The American Revolution109

VI. THE CONTINENTAL FUR TRADE: 1713-1776114

The Trade from Hudson Bay114

The Trade from the St. Lawrence117

The Trade from Albany and New York124

Fur Trade and Settlement in the Ohio Valley127

The Atlantic Colonies and Westward Expansion130

VII. RECONSTRUCTION IN BRITISH NORTH AMERICA: 1783-1815135

British Policy toward the United States after 1783135

Newfoundland138

Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Cape Breton, and Prince Edward Island142

The Old Province of Quebec150

The Establishment of Upper Canada153

PART II. ESCAPE FROM COLONIALISM161

VIII. THE CONTINENTAL FUR TRADE AND WESTWARD EXPANSION: 1776-1821163

Introduction163

Reconstruction of the St. Lawrence Fur Trade: The North West Company163

Trading Organization and Westward Expansion169

Competition from the United States and Hudson Bay173

The Settlement at the Red River180

The Union of the Companies182

IX. THE TIMBER TRADE187

Origins of the North American Timber Trade187

The Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Mast Trade189

The Crisis of 1804 and the Quebec Trade191

The Impact on Agricultural Settlement and Immigration197

The End of the British Preferences: New Products and New Markets200

The Tariff and the American Market202

X. THE NORTH PACIFIC: 1783-182206

International Rivalries on the Pacific Coast206

Spain207

Russia210

Great Britain217

New England219

The United States: The Land Trade223

United States Advance: Spanish Retreat224

XI. THE MARITIME PROVINCES: 1815-1867227

Introduction227

Conflicts with the United States: (1) The In-shore Fisheries227

Conflicts with the United States: (2) The West Indies Trade228

The Period of Retaliatory Legislation230

The Final Compromise235

Economic Background of the Maritime Provinces before Confederation238

The Lumber Industry in New Brunswick241

The Maritimes and Reciprocity244

Railways and Confederation249

XII. THE ST. LAWRENCE LOWLANDS, 1815-1849: TRANSPORTATION253

New Staples and New Problems253

The Impact of the Erie Canal254

The Rideau Canal258

The Lachine Canal263

The Welland Canal264

The Cornwall Canal267

The Completion of the St. Lawrence Canal System268

Canada's Stake in the St. Lawrence Canals270

XIII. THE ST. LAWRENCE LOWLAND, 1815-1849: IMMIGRATION, LAND SETTLEMENT, AGRICULTURE, AND TRADE POLICY272

Immigration272

Land Settlement274

Crops and Farming Methods278

Agricultural Credit and Marketing279

British and Canadian Agricultural Tariffs281

The Tariff and Agrarian Discontent283

The Tariff as a Source of Revenue286

Tariff Policy after 1840; The Repeal of the Corn Laws288

XIV. THE COMING OF THE RAILWAY293

Canadian Economic Policy after 1850293

Early Railway Projects294

The St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railway296

The Northern and Great Western Railways297

Government Assistance: The Guarantee Act298

Impact on Canada of Railway Construction in the United States299

The European and North American: An Abortive Project301

The Entry of the Brassey Firm306

The Grand Trunk Railway307

The Grand Trunk in Operation311

Government Aid: The Municipal Loan Fund314

The First Period of Railway-Building: A Summary View316

XV. THE CONTINENTAL HINTERLAND AND THE PACIFIC COAST: 1821-1870320

Reorganization of the Fur Trade after 1821320

The Hudson's Bay Company on the Pacific Coast324

Gold and Colonization334

The Colony at the Red River339

The West Enters Confederation343

Transcontinental Dominion: A New Opportunity348

XVI. THE STRATEGY OF CANADIAN DEVELOPMENT: PART I, 1849 TO CONFEDERATION350

Introduction350

Tactics for Development: Transportation and the Tariff351

The United States: Economic Pace-Maker355

The Reciprocity Treaty361

The National Policy: Its Origin and Meaning365

Railways and the Tariff370

An Over-All View377

PART III. TRANSCONTINENTAL ECONOMY379

XVII. THE STRATEGY OF CANADIAN DEVELOPMENT: PART II, CONFEDERATION AND THE NATIONAL POLICY381

Canada after Confederation381

The Federation Arrangement382

The Development of a National Economy387

The Protective Tariff391

The Rate of Development: Retarding Factors395

The Dawn of Prosperity400

The Strategy of Development: A Summary406

XVIII. THE TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILWAYS409

Railways and Confederation: The International409

The Pacific Railway: Abortive Proposals413

Surveys and Government Construction417

Railway Land Grants420

The Search for a Route422

Chartering of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company424

The C.P.R. Contract428

Building the C.P.R.430

Finance432

The Canadian Northern435

The Grand Trunk Pacific and the National Transcontinental438

Bankruptcy and Government Operation: The Formation of the Canadian National Railways System441

XIX. MONEY AND BANKING IN CANADIAN DEVELOPMENT445

Introduction445

The First Chartered Banks: External Influences449

Fifty Years of Banking Experience453

An Automatic System462

A Policy of Drift468

The Central Bank and Recent Developments470

XX. THE WHEAT ECONOMY476

Introduction476

Secular Growth and Cyclical Phases481

The First Period of Expansion482

The War Phase486

The Nineteen-Twenties489

Depression and Adjustment492

Some Problems of the Wheat Economy497

Railway Rates497

Marketing499

Tariffs503

Farm Credit506

XXI. THE NEW INDUSTRIALISM515

Introduction515

The New Industrialism: Its Meaning517

The Growth of Manufacturing521

Coal522

Hydro-Electricity524

Iron Ore530

Nickel, Gold, Silver, and other Metals533

Pulp and Paper538

Aluminum546

Petroleum and Natural Gas548

The St. Lawrence Seaway553

XXII. LABOUR AND LABOUR ORGANIZATIONS558

Introduction: Early Craft Unionism558

The Canadian Labor Union and the Knights of Labor560

The Trades and Labor Congress of Canada561

The Western Federation of Miners563

The One Big Union546

The Development of Industrial Unionism: The Canadian Congress of Labor567

Organized Labor at Mid-Century569

XXIII. CHANGING PATTERNS OF INVESTMENT AND TRADE572

Foreign Capital in Canadian Development572

Domestic Capital Resources573

Volume and Direction of External Trade575

Commercial Policy in the United States576

A New National Policy?579

INDEX583