《THE FEDERAL COURTS》求取 ⇩

1. History, Function, and Organization of the Federal Judiciary1

The Historical Context1

The U.S. Supreme Court3

The U.S. Courts of Appeals13

U.S. District Courts23

Constitutional Courts and Legislative Courts28

The Federal Courts in the American Political System30

Summary33

2. Jurisdiction, Workload, and Policy-Making Boundaries37

U.S. District Courts37

U.S. Courts of Appeals41

U.S. Supreme Court43

Jurisdiction and Congressional Politics45

Judicial Self-Restraint47

Summary58

3. Administrative and Staff Support in the Federal Judiciary61

A Brief History of the Judicial Administration Movement62

Major Administrative Support Structures65

Personnel Support74

Summary86

4. The Federal Judges89

Background Characteristics89

Formal and Informal Qualifications98

The Selection Process and Its Participants102

Policy Links Between the Citizenry, the President, and the Federal Judiciary111

The Judicial Socialization Process121

The Retirement and Removal of Federal Judges125

Summary129

5. The Decision-Making Process133

The Decision-Making Environment133

The Legal Subculture135

The Democratic Subculture141

The Subcultures as Predictors161

Summary166

6. Decision Making: The Special Case of Collegial Courts173

Cue Theory174

Small-Group Analysis176

Attitude Theory and Bloc-Formation Analysis189

Fact Pattern Analysis193

Summary195

7. Implementation and Impact of Federal Judicial Policies199

The Impact of Upper-Court Decisions on Lower Courts200

Congressional Influences on the Implementation Process207

Executive Influences on the Implementation Process209

Other Implementers212

The Impact of Judicial Policies214

Summary220

8. Policy Making by Federal Judges: An Attempt at Synthesis225

The Nature of the Case or Issue226

The Values and Orientations of the Judges228

The Nature of the Judicial Decision-Making Process232

The Impact of Extraneous Influences235

Selected Bibliography239

Index247

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