《WATER'S EDGE DOMESTIC POLITICS AND THE MAKING OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY》

1. The Soviet Emigration Movement: The U.S.S.R., Israel, and the United States3

Introduction4

Overview of Soviet Policy4

Israel6

The American Jewish Community7

Early Efforts to Tie Trade to Emigration10

The Nixon Administration's Response to the Soviet Emigration Movement12

Summary15

2. Presidential Politics and Détente17

Introduction18

Jackson Spots an Issue19

Jackson and the "Jewish Lobby"21

Congressional Staff Link Trade and Emigration23

Kissinger Links Trade and Vietnam28

Jackson Seizes the Lead30

"Dear Colleague": Act II of Jackson vs. Javits-Humphrey33

Nixon's and Jackson's Interests Coincide39

Nixon Pushes the Soviets on Election Eve43

Following Up the October 18 Agreement in Congress45

Malign Neglect: The Postelection Period46

Summary50

3. The House of Representatives53

Introduction54

Vanik of Ways and Means54

The "Jewish Lobby"56

Chairman Mills and Administration Strategy57

The "First Crucial Decision": Linking MFN to the Trade Bill59

More Allies for Jackson: The AFL-CIO and Others62

Administration Strategy, Phase II: Quiet Diplomacy63

Israel: Another Way Around Jackson?65

A Preemptive Strike66

The Soviets Waive Education Tax67

Erosion of Jackson's Support69

Reinforcements76

Brezhnev in the United States81

Summer 1973: Repression Renewed; So, Too, Is Jackson's Strength84

Ways and Means Deliberations86

The October War94

Putting off the Inevitable99

Summary101

4. The Senate, Soviets, and the Nixon Negotiate104

Introduction105

Launching the Trilateral Negotiations105

The Senate Finance Committee Sideshow108

Outlines of an Agreement111

Jackson Consolidates His Strength114

Jacob Javits and Interpreting Progress in the Trilateral Talks126

The Moscow Summit and Stagnation129

Summary137

5. President Ford144

Introduction145

Relaunching the Negotiations146

Sixty Thousand Jews149

Losing Labor151

Last-Minute Details154

Three Letters Become Two156

Diplomacy Before the TV Cameras162

The Soviets Write a Letter That Kissinger "Forgets"165

Final Senate Consideration170

The Emperor Had No Clothes179

Summary190

6. Conclusion194

The Presidential Politics of Henry Jackson196

The Diplomatic Results of the Jackson Amendment197

Attempting to Use Economic Concessions for Political Gain199

Congressional Assertiveness in Foreign Policy-Making203

The Executive Branch and Congress207

Kissinger's Role208

Interest-Group Involvement in the Formation of Foreign Policy210

Jews and Foreign Policy Influence210

The Limits and Strengths of Domestic Politics in Foreign Policy-Making211

Afterword214

Appendixes217

Notes219

Bibliography243

Index261