《THE SOCIAL ECOLOGY OF CRIME》

Chapter 1Key Issues in the Social Ecology of CrimeJames M. Byrne and Robert J. Sampson1

Shaw and McKay Revisited1

The Data Source Controversy7

Is Theory Integration Necessa？9

The Problem of Contextual Fallacies12

Conceptualization and Measurement Issues13

The Use of Cross-Sectional Versus Longitudinal Designs17

The Application of Social Ecology to Criminal-Justice Policy19

Part ⅠNeighborhood Level Analyses of Crime， Victimization，and Fear25

Chapter 2Neighborhood Family Structure and the Risk of Personal VictimizationRobert J Sampson25

Theoretical Framework26

Data and Method29

Findings33

Discussion45

Chapter 3Fear and Its Relationship to Crime， Neighborhood Deterioration， and Informal Social ControlStephanie W. Greenberg47

The Data49

Physical Deterioration， Perceived Disorder， and Fear50

Relative Effects on Fear of Crime， Physical Deterioration，and Informal Social Control51

Path Model of Neighborhood Characteristics， Crime and Control-Related Perceptions， and Fear55

Summary and Conclusions60

Chapter 4Delinquency Rates as Sources of Ecological ChangeRobert J. Bursik， Jr.63

Introduction63

Data and Initial Model Specification65

Findings70

Conclusions73

Part ⅡInterurban Analyses of Violent and Property Crime77

Chapter 5 Cities， Citizens， and Crime： The Ecological/Nonecological Debate ReconsideredJames M. Byrne77

Introduction and Overview77

Research Procedures82

Findings87

Conclusions94

Implications101

Chapter 6 Age， Sex， Race， and Arrest Trends for 12 of the Nation’s Largest Central CitiesRoland Chilton102

Data and Method104

Analysis105

Discussion112

Chapter 7 Urban Crime Rates： Effects of Inequality， Welfare Dependency， Region， and RaceRichard Rosenfeld116

Data and Method117

Strain， Relative Deprivation， and Crime117

Control， Welfare Dependency， and Crime119

Culture and Crime122

Southern Violence123

Race and Crime124

Conclusions127

Implications129

Part ⅢThe Impact of Ecological Factors on Decision Making and Policy in the Criminal Justice System133

Chapter 8Person-Environment Interactions in the Prediction of RecidivismStephen D. Gottfredson and Ralph B. Taylor133

Introduction133

Propositions Based on the Literature Reviewed138

Methods139

Measurement Issues140

Analytic Strategy143

Preliminary Findings144

Summary and Limitations152

Research Futures： An Interactionist Approach to Recidivism153

Chapter 9Firearms Ownership and Violent Crime：A Comparison of Illinois CountriesDavid J. Bordua156

Introduction156

Measurement163

Bivariate Results： General Ownership166

Bivariate Results： Ownership Types169

Multivariate Results： The Firearms Variables in a Model of Violent Crime172

Household Firearms178

Some Considerations of Measurement180

Deadliness and Percentage Use of Firearms182

Summary and Conclusions187

References189

Author Index209

Subject Index215